南极中山站极夜或接近极夜期间的平流层臭氧综合探测研究

Stratospheric ozone retrieved by the SAOZ UV-visible band twilight measurements at Chinese Antarctica Zhongshan station will be performed. The research will be archived by the ECC ozonesonde profiles and the Brewer focus moon or the FZ( solar zenith angle less than 84 degree) total ozone and the radiation model calculations, and those observations made during the period including polar night or near the polar nights (about from April to August ) and the correlative calculations will be weighted. The ozone Air Mass Factor (AMF), a parameter which is necessary for SAOZ vertical column ozone determination, will be calculated by the atmospheric radiation model with the in-situ profiles measured by ECC ozondesonde and radiosonde. The accuracy of the SAOZ stratospheric ozone data will be improved by the modeled AMF. The profiles will also be helpful to improve Brewer total ozone data partly depending on the stratospheric temperature and the ozone AMF. The precision and accuracy of SAOZ- retrieved stratospheric ozone data over Zhongshan will be approached by the inter-comparison analysis of several total ozone data source, however ,the stratospheric column ozone from SAOZ retrievals during the polar nights is unique data sources. This approaching is expected to improve the quality and homogeneity of SAOZ total ozone , especially for filling the previous total ozone data gap during the polar night or the adjacent periods at Zhongshan. These work is the basis of the long-term SAOZ ozone measurements at Zhongshan, and the assessment of long -term total ozone trends in the polar regions will be benefited by the comprehensive, objective and more accurate data supported by this project.

在南极中山站综合臭氧探空、Brewer的月光及（SZA<=84°）观测，研究UV-可见光波段的SAOZ光谱仪曙暮天顶散射光反演平流层臭氧，重点研究极夜和接近极夜期间（4-8月）期间SAOZ反演的平流层臭氧。利用臭氧-气象探空数据，并结合辐射传输模式计算中山站地区的臭氧大气质量数（AMF），以提高SAOZ光谱仪反演臭氧总量的精度。也利用极夜和非极夜期间的臭氧探空资料研究Brewer光谱仪测值对平流层温度和AMF的依赖性。通过观测数据比较分析，确定SAOZ平流层臭氧测值的精度及误差分布特点，填补极夜和接近极夜期间因为Brewer 或卫星利用太阳UV波段辐射无法观测臭氧总量而造成的数据空白。项目研究期望为SAOZ在中山站长期观测建立基础，也为评估极地地区平流层臭氧长期变化提供全面、客观、准确数据。

本项目应用地基Brewer光谱仪、SAOZ-天顶散射UV-Vis光谱仪和臭氧探空仪对南极中山站（69.37°S）地区的大气臭氧总量进行了综合观测研究，重点研究了对地基观测臭氧总量数据精确度受太阳天顶角(SZA)的限制的情况，形成了一套适合高纬度地区极夜和接近极夜期间的地基臭氧总量观测的综合手段，获取准确数据。SZA91°以下（7月14日至来年5月28日）时在中山站可获取地基臭氧总量数据。SZA在78°以下时：Brewer光谱仪的直接太阳光（DS）获取最准确的地基臭氧总量数据（相对误差1%）， SZA在72~85°时Brewer光谱仪聚焦太阳光（FZ）观测可获取高精度（与DS相比，平均误差在1.5%以内）臭氧总量数据，SZA在85~91°时，SAOZ光谱仪可通过曙暮光反演地基臭氧总量数据（与DS平均误差为-5.0%） ；SZA91°以上时，Brewer 聚焦月光观测（FM）和臭氧探空观测则是观测大气臭氧总量的主要手段，但要受到月相（要高于0.5）和SZA（要高于95°）和月光天顶角（要低于74°）的限制和天气的限制，测值绝对误差在±10DU左右。但随着对SAOZ原始光谱数据的深入研究，SAOZ观测还有可能进一部覆盖到SZA在93°以下的情形（精度低），这样基本上可以覆盖中山站全年。云对地基臭氧总量观测结果的影响要大于了臭氧大气质量数（AMF）。云对对FZ测值影响能够从原始光谱数据中得到了检测并被剔除，但云对SAOZ的测值影响也存在且与AMF的影响叠加使得SAOZ的臭氧总量测值精度更低。基于准确的探空观测数据并结合辐射传输模式计算中山站地区的大气臭氧质量数AMF，以及确定云的影响是提高Mini-SAOZ光谱仪通过DOAS法反演的大气臭氧总量精度途径。这一研究工作仍在进行中。.中山地基Brewer臭氧总量观测揭示了从1996-2015年臭氧层呈微弱的恢复态势，恢复率为1.0%/10年。