弹载雷达微波关联前视成像信号建模与算法研究

As the focus of the research on radar imaging in the wide world nowadays, missile-borne radar forward-looking imaging is the key difficulty needed to be resolved to implement active homing precision guidance. Limited by the Doppler bandwidth and wide aperture array, traditional imaging systems such as high-resolution SAR and real-aperture radar cannot adapt to radar forward-looking imaging in missile-borne platform. Therefore, to break through these limitations, this project proposes a new microwave correlated forward-looking imaging mode of missile-borne radar based on the analysis of the characteristics and advantages of microwave correlated imaging. By using space-time random radiation field produced by multi-channel array, combining such advanced signal processing approaches as Bayesian statistic mode and compressive sensing, and taking advantage of correlated processing technology, this project can achieve high-resolution forward-looking imaging of missile-borne radar. Considering some new problems in radar forward-looking imaging introduced by high velocity in missile platform, this project focuses on the following aspects: 1) Establishment of missile-borne radar imaging signal model; 2) Missile-borne radar forward-looking imaging of stationary targets in complex conditions; 3) missile-borne radar forward-looking imaging of three-dimensional moving targets. As such, microwave correlated forward-looking imaging of missile-borne radar is a fire-new project, which can bring about new solutions to the development of radar guidance in missile-borne platform, and thus has very important research meaning and practical value.

弹载雷达前视成像是当前国内外研究的热点和难点，是实现导弹自主寻的精确制导亟需解决的关键问题之一。由于受到多普勒带宽和大孔径阵列的限制，传统的高分辨SAR和实孔径等成像体制不再适用于弹载平台的雷达前视成像。因此，为了突破这些限制，本项目在分析微波关联成像的特点和优势的基础上，创新地提出了弹载雷达微波关联前视成像的新模式，利用多通道阵列产生的空时二维随机辐射场，结合贝叶斯统计模型和压缩感知等先进的信号处理方法，通过关联处理技术，实现弹载雷达对目标的高分辨前视成像。考虑到弹载平台高速机动给雷达前视成像带来的新问题，本项目主要研究：1）基于空时二维随机性表征的弹载雷达前视成像信号建模；2）复杂条件下静态目标的弹载雷达前视成像；3）三维运动目标的弹载雷达前视成像。可见，弹载雷达微波关联前视成像是一个全新的课题，为弹载平台雷达导引头新技术的发展提供了一个崭新的思路,具有非常重要的研究意义和实用价值。

弹载雷达前视成像是当前国内外研究的热点和难点，是实现导弹自主寻的精确制导亟需解决的关键问题之一。由于受到多普勒带宽和大孔径阵列的限制，传统的高分辨SAR和实孔径等成像体制不再适用于弹载平台的雷达前视成像。因此，为了突破这些限制，本项目在分析微波关联成像的特点和优势的基础上，创新地提出了弹载雷达微波关联前视成像的新模式，利用多通道阵列产生的空时二维随机辐射场，结合贝叶斯统计模型、压缩感知和Bjorck修正Schmidt正交化等先进的信号处理方法，通过关联处理技术，实现弹载雷达对目标的高分辨前视成像。此外，考虑到一些特殊的立面目标，提出了一种径向孔径多波束前视成像方法，对其切航迹向分辨率和高度向与沿航向的耦合向分辨率进行了研究。.该项目建立了弹载微波关联前视成像信号模型，完成了相对静态目标和动态目标的高分辨前视成像方法的研究。同步开展了前视三维超分辨成像与基于三维图像中立面目标的特征提取和目标识别方法的研究。同时，完成了弹载雷达前视成像高速机动平台适应性及打击目标适应性的研究，并研制了微波关联前视成像雷达系统，完成了内场测试和外场机载挂飞试验，用实测数据验证了项目提出方法的正确性和有效性。通过外场静态测试及机载挂飞证明关联前视成像超分辨能力可以实现6～7倍。.该项目部分研究成果在航天科工四院17所承担的型号研制任务中得到应用，并作为第二完成单位成功获得2018年度的军队科技进步一等奖。项目共发表论文17篇，其中SCI检索论文11篇；申请发明专利15项，授权发明专利8项；成果应用1项；培养博士生4名，硕士生6名。