高速铁路电磁环境与系统级电磁兼容理论及应用硏究

With fast development of High Speed Railway (HSR) in China, we have made remarkable achievements, which is outstanding all over the world by scale and late-mover advantage. It is the most important to ensure the safety of HSR transportation regarding to HSR development. Moreover, electro-magnetic environment and electro-magnetic compatibility are the key factors to the safety and reliability of HSR network operations. Based on the unique characteristics of repertoire lies in Chinese HSR system, we carry out researches on characteristics of comprehensive electro-magnetic environment for Chinese HSR. Then we carry out limitation optimization of electro-magnetic compatibility, on a basis of risk-shared rules for electro-magnetic interference. With optimized limitation, we carry out theoretical and technological researches on anti-interference on system level. Consequently, we study the theory and technology of active anti-interference, aiming to transient electro-magnetic interference emitted from pantograph and catenary within HSR. Then we develop active anti-interference device. Thereafter, we propose top-level design specifications on electro-magnetic compatibility for HSR system. Thereby, not only we achieve the near-term target of solving problems cause by electro-magnetic interference within existing HSR line, but also achieve the long-term target of ultimately improving the electro-magnetic environment and electro-magnetic compatibility for Chinese HSR system. Finally, we will make a U-turn from passive solution, which is electro-magnetic interference oriented, to active solution to problems caused by electro-magnetic interference. This methodology is highlighted by thoroughly reducing risk due to electro-magnetic interference. Meanwhile we will motivate other related technologies and innovations in HSR, serving for future development of HSR, and technically supporting overall improvement of electro-magnetic environment for HSR.

我国高速铁路飞速发展，取得了举世瞩目的成果，具备了世界其他各国无法比拟的规模优势和后发优势。发展高铁的重中之重是确保高铁运输的安全性。高速铁路的电磁环境和高速铁路装备的电磁兼容性能是涉及整个高铁网络运行安全性和可靠性的关键要素之一。本项目立足于我国高铁系统的技术体系特点，研究我国高铁的综合电磁环境特性；基于干扰风险共担原则的兼容性限值优化，研究高铁装备基于系统的电磁干扰防护理论和技术；研究针对高铁弓网系统瞬态电磁干扰的主动防护理论和关键技术，研制弓网瞬态干扰的主动防护装置；研究提出高铁系统的电磁兼容性顶层设计规范。从而实现解决既有线电磁干扰故障问题的近期目标和从根本上改善我国高铁电磁环境和提高系统电磁兼容性能的远期目标。最终实现我国高速铁路电磁干扰故障以问题为导向的被动解决方法向主动防护的解决方法转变，从根本上降低高速铁路的电磁干扰故障风险，同时进一步推动我国高铁其他领域技术的发展和创新，为高铁未来的发展服务，为改善高铁的整体电磁环境提供技术支撑。

本项目结合我国高速铁路系统运营及发展的安全性和可靠性的重大需求，立足于我国高铁系统的技术体系特点，围绕高速铁路的综合电磁环境特性、基于系统的电磁干扰防护理论和技术、高速铁路针对牵引供电系统瞬态电磁骚扰的主动防护机理和高速铁路电磁环境及装备电磁干扰防护顶层设计四个方面开展研究。针对高铁系统综合电磁环境中多种空间尺度带来的电磁计算复杂难点，使用时域物理光学法和时域不连续伽辽金法相结合，得到多源互耦条件下的电磁辐射多尺度空间联合分布动态耦合；在此基础上，基于时域混合积分方程及传输线方程的高铁系统传导发射模型精确的计算车体电流分布以及牵引网各条线缆上的电流分布，获得线-车-地动态耦合条件下的电磁环境。针对高铁系统电磁骚扰限值与敏感设备风险权重的帕累托优化难题，提出基于云模型和Cube模型的信号系统车载设备电磁兼容风险评估模型，实现信号系统车载设备电磁兼容风险等级分析。针对高铁系统综合电磁环境特点，提出基于瞬态能量吸收的抑制弓网离线瞬态骚扰的两级方案和基于数字孪生技术的高速铁路装备电磁干扰防护的设计方法。基于理论研究成果，研制了高铁车载瞬态骚扰抑制装置，基于北斗定位接收机的电磁防护完成了静态和动态试验验证，试验结果表明，瞬态骚扰抑制装置能够有效解决车载设备的电磁干扰问题。主持和参与制定了高铁装备的电磁兼容国家标准6项、团体标准1项。承担了CRCC一类安全产品的符合性试验工作，依据标准完成了所有型号CTCS-3级列控系统及所有新型高速列车的接口型式试验，从技术上保障了我国高铁电磁环境与高铁装备的适应性。基于本项目研究成果，获得国家、省部级及其他科技奖励12项；发表SCI论文19篇、EI论文4篇、中文核心期刊论文1篇，出版专著1部，获得授权发明专利25项；项目组1人入选第三批国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才、1人入选中国科协第四届青年人才托举工程，5人获得专业技术职称晋级和晋升。