温室花卉水胁迫声发射机理及精准灌溉系统的研究

Under the control condition of artificial climate room, cultivated flowers in greenhouse are used as the research objects to construct flowers water stress acoustic emission testing and data information collection system. The purpose of this system is to research quantitatively multiple factors on acoustic emission signal and transpiration, soil moisture content, temperature, atmospheric saturated dificit, illumination etc., and determine the relationship between acoustic emission and water quantitative state of flowers for establishing the refined quantity model of multiple factors. Comprehensive analysis of the collected acoustic emission signals and other information is to structure of mathematic simulation model of flowers water stress level and audio signals, to confirm the mathematical simulation model and optimal control algorithm of main flowers accurate irrigation and acoustic emission signal frequency and threshold value of starting automatic irrigation control system. Using the virtual instrument technology establishes the real-time, fast computer monitoring and automatic irrigation control system.On the basis of verified the system theory model and experimental results, parameter variables can be further modified to provide accurate theory basis for precise irrigation system with water stress acoustic emission according to the situation, simultaneously to develop the software and hardware of the precision irrigation system with microcomputer automation for improving the prodution level of flowers and plants high quality, high yield and high effective and also providing a new way for the precise irrigation of water saving.

以温室栽培花卉为研究对象,在人工气候室控制条件下, 构建花卉水胁迫声发射检测及数据信息采集系统,对声发射信号与蒸腾量、土壤含水量、大气饱和亏、气温、光照等进行多因素定量研究, 确定声发射与花卉水分状态的量化关系,建立细化的多因子数量模型；对采集到的声发射信号与其它信息做综合分析,建立花卉水胁迫的程度与声频信号的数学模拟模型,从而确立对主要花卉实施精确灌溉的数学模拟模型和最优控制算法, 确定启动控制自动灌溉系统的声发射信号的频率和阈值；运用虚拟仪器技术，建立实时、快速的微机监测和自动灌溉控制系统；在系统理论模型和实验结果进行验证的基础上,进一步修改参数变量，为水胁迫声发射视情精准灌溉提供准确的理论依据；同时进行微机自动化视情精准灌溉系统的软硬件系统开发,提高花卉优质、高产、高效生产水平，也为视情节水灌溉开辟一条新的途径。

研究中以温室花卉玫瑰和百合为对象，主要针对其生长期进行信息采集系统的搭建和水分胁迫下声发射信号的检测与采集，通过采集的数据研究水胁迫AE信号发生发展规律及其与植物水分亏缺和蒸腾量、土壤含水量、大气饱和亏、气温、光照等因子间的联系进而确定温室最佳控制参数。采用虚拟仪器LabWindows/CVI开发了植物水分胁迫下AE信号的信息检测和数据采集系统，在信息检测系统和数据分析研究的基础上进行了基于植物水胁迫AE信号精准灌溉系统的软硬件开发，并进行了灌溉试验，取得了一定成果；以LabVIEW为软件平台综合多传感器技术研究开发了温室环境智能控制系统，并用无线传感器代替传统有线传感器搭建了基于无线网络的温室各环境因子信息采集和环境控制系统，并进行了试验。