化学添加剂对全尾砂胶结充填材料性能的影响及机理研究

Systematic research on the influence of chemical addition agents on rheological properties and compressive strengths of total tailing cemented backfill materials will be carried on in test room based on typical total tailing sands (i.e. rich in silicon, aluminum, iron, sulfur and so on ) by research methods of fixed parameters and cross experimental design and comparison test. The research targets are that the fluidity of total tailing cemented backfill materials (solid content 75%~85%) during gravity-transport or pipeline squeezed-transport and the distribution homogeneity of fine particles in backfill materials during the transport and after entering backfill place will be elevated by the influences of chemical addition agents (such as dispersant, drag-reducing agent and so on ); the content of cementing material in total tailing cemented backfill materials will be reduced to 3%~6% of total solid content by the research on the grain grading and chemical reactivity matching and modulation methods among chemical addition agents(such as alkaline reactant and accelerator and so on) and cementing materials specially used backfill and total tailing sands in order to solidifying reaction of fine tailing sands in backfill materials. The mechanism of the influences of chemical addition agents on the rheological properties and compressive strengths of total tailing cemented backfill materials will be revealed by modern scientific research methods(such as gravity-transport test or squeezed-transport test in L shaped pipe and water cistern test; environmental scannimg electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray analysis ) and the basic theory of related subjects. The research results will offer the theoretical proofs for developing and using total tailing cemented backfill materials with low cost in China.

以典型全尾砂（富含硅、铝、铁、硫等）为研究对象，采用固定变量法、正交试验法和对比试验法，在实验室系统研究化学添加剂对全尾砂胶结充填材料性能的影响。研究目标是通过化学添加剂（如分散剂、减阻剂等）的作用，提高全尾砂胶结充填料浆（固体浓度75%~85%）在自流输送或管道挤压输送过程的流动性及在输送过程并进入充填采场后其中细颗粒的分布均匀性；通过研究化学添加剂（如碱性激发剂和早强剂等）、充填专用胶凝材料和全尾砂各组成的颗粒级配和化学活性的匹配及调控技术，使充填体中细尾砂颗粒产生固结反应，将充填体中胶凝材料掺量降为固体总质量的3%~6%。采用现代科学研究方法[如L型管道自流输送或管道挤压输送和水槽试验；环境扫描电镜（ESEM）和能量散射X射线能谱分析（EDXA）]和根据相关学科的基本理论，揭示化学添加剂对全尾砂胶结充填料浆流变性能和强度性能的影响机理，为我国开发应用低成本全尾砂胶结充填材料提供理论依

以粗细尾砂（富含硅、铝、铁、硫等）为研究对象，采用固定变量法和对比试验法，在实验室系统研究了化学添加剂[即减水剂、引气剂、胶凝材料种类和掺量、细颗粒（包括细尾砂颗粒、石灰石粉、偏高岭土、沸石粉等）]等单因素和复合因素的变化对粗细尾砂胶结充填材料性能的影响。通过减水剂和细颗粒的复合作用，采用粗尾砂颗粒制备成了胶结膏体充填材料（固体浓度75%~85%，坍落度180mm，泌水率小于3%），目的是便于料浆通过泵送输送并且输送到充填采场中细颗粒分布均匀；通过研究化学添加剂的物理化学性质的匹配和调控技术，使充填固结体中细颗粒产生了填孔和固结作用，将充填体中胶凝材料掺量降到固体总质量的3%~6%。例如：当矿渣基复合胶凝材料掺量为3%时，掺入10%石灰石粉和0.25%减水剂（料浆坍落度180mm，泌水率小于3%）的膏体固化体养护到28d,其抗压强度2.725MPa，后期强度呈增长趋势。采用了现代科学研究方法（如X射线衍射分析，扫描电镜和能谱散射X射线能谱仪分析和压汞测孔分析）和根据相关学科的基础理论，揭示了化学添加剂对粗细尾砂胶结充填材料的流动性（坍落度和泌水率）性能和强度性能的影响机理，为我国开发应用低成本粗细尾砂胶结充填材料提供理论依据。