具有温度-压力双重刺激检测与分辨功能的柔性仿生电子皮肤的构筑及其工作机理研究

To develop the temperature-pressure dual sensors with synergistically promoted sensing properties of sensitivity, response time, and detection range is very important for the development of electronics skin. Inspired by the human skin, we proposed to construct the biomimetic electronic skin by combining the flexible and thermally conductive nanofiber membrane with the elastic and thermoelectric microsphere sensor layer. The preparation methods of nanofiber membrane and microsphere sensor layer were explored. To enhance the performance, the effect of structure and morphology on the properties of nanofiber membrane and microsphere sensor layer were analyzed. The temperature-pressure sensing properties and relationship between different stimuli and output signals were fully studied, and based on these the sensing mechanism of the biomimetic electronic skin was elucidated. To realize the real time monitor the physiological signals of human by environmental changes, the sensing properties including sensitivity, response time, and detection range were synergistically promote by control the structure of biomimetic electronic skin. After that, a large area sensing array was designed to realize the multidimensional sensing and displays the temperature and pressure mapping profiles of pixel signals. All of the work provided a new approach to design and construct the multifunctional electronic skin.

设计并制备具有同时检测及分辨温度-压力双重刺激功能的电子皮肤，并协同提高其温度-压力传感灵敏度、响应时间及检测范围具有重要意义。本项目以人体皮肤结构为灵感，利用具有柔韧性、热传导性能的纳米纤维膜为表层，具有弹性、热电性能的微球为传感层，构筑仿生电子皮肤。探索纳米纤维膜和微球传感层的制备工艺，掌握其结构调控机理及结构-性能之间的关系；深入表征仿生电子皮肤的温度-压力传感性能，分析两种刺激及输出信号之间的相互关系，揭示其对温度-压力的同时检测与分辨机理；探明影响仿生电子皮肤温度-压力传感灵敏度、响应速度及检测范围的主要因素，协同提高其温度-压力传感性能，实现对人体不同身体状况及情绪下生理信号的实时、准确监测；构筑大面积的仿生电子皮肤阵列，能够通过信号采集与处理将多维温度-压力刺激转化为各自独立的电信号及压力-温度分布图，阐明其运行机理，为多重传感功能电子皮肤的设计与构筑提供新思路。

设计并制备具有同时检测及分辨温度-压力双重刺激功能的电子皮肤并协同提高其传感性能，对可穿戴电子器件的发展具有重要的理论研究意义和广泛应用价值。本项目提出利用弹性热电材料构筑温度-压力传感电子皮肤，掌握其结构调控机理及结构-性能之间的关系；深入表征仿生电子皮肤的温度-压力传感性能，揭示其对温度-压力的同时检测与分辨机理；探明影响仿生电子皮肤温度-压力传感性能的主要因素，实现对人体不同身体状况及情绪下生理信号的实时监测；构筑大面积的仿生电子皮肤阵列，阐明其运行机理，为多重传感功能电子皮肤的设计与构筑提供新思路。.在此基础上，本项目设计制备了具有柔韧性、透气透湿性及热透过性能的弹性聚烯烃纳米纤维膜，其优异的热调节功能主要取决于其对人体中红外线接近100%的透过率，利用其作为表面封装层可以大大提高电子皮肤的热湿舒适性。然后，将有机热电材料与弹性三维织物相结合，制备了弹性热电复合材料基自供能温度-压力传感器（PPSF），其可以同时检测温度-压力双重刺激，并将两种刺激转换为独立的电压和电流信号输出，具有灵敏度高、响应时间短、检测范围大等优点，揭示了其信号传感及分辨机理。利用PPSF设计制备了大面积可穿戴自供能温度-压力传感马甲，实现了对外界压力-温度刺激的大面积多维高分辨传感，揭示了其运行机理。热电材料及基材的性能是影响自供能温度-压力传感器传感性能、机械性能及可穿戴性能的主要因素。因此，为了提高热电性能并改进基材，项目构筑了光热-热电复合材料、通过添加离子液体对PEDOT:PSS进行改性、并利用纤维基材替代织物，提高了材料的热电性能及基材的可设计性。在此基础上，设计构筑了可编织的自供能传感器，实现了自发电压力-温度传感。.项目执行过程中共发表带标注的学术论文19篇；申请发明专利4项、授权3项；联合培养了博士生2名、培养硕士研究生5名；顺利完成了项目的各项指标。