功能化铀酰离子磁性生物吸附剂的构筑及对铀的吸附行为与机理

In order to meet the needs of sustainable development of nuclear power and the strategic demand of national defence construction(such as nuclear war industry), it is still necessary to strengthen the exploitation and hydrometallurgy of Uranium resource. As is known to us, Uranium is a radioactive element with chemotoxicity , biotoxicity and the Uranium contaminated water from Uranium mining and hydrometallurgy would cause great harm to the environment if not treated. Therefore, studies on new adsorption method、selective adsorption behavior and mechanism for treating Uranium contaminated water are particularly significanct. Based on special experimental installations and prophase research achievement of treating Uranium contaminated water in our school, a novel functional magnetic biosorbent would be constructed by graft loading with saccharomyces cerevisiae and magnetic nanosized Fe_3O_4 through O-acylation-reaction or N-acylation-reaction, which using chemical modification for saccharomyces cerevisiae and function for magnetic nanosized Fe_3O_4. And the magnetic biosorbent must be high adsorbability, low cost, easy washed, circular used and matching the spacial partnership structure of Uranylions. The theory evidence of selective adsorbing Uranium would be builded from Uranium contaminated water, which would be completed by characterizing the morphology, interface structure and performance of the magnetic biosorbent by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD, analyzing the contribute of each functional group on adsorbing Uranium. And the adsorption behavior and mechanism would be also studied. At the same time, it would be supported to the safe produce in the Uranium mines and remediation of the entironment around tailings areas of Uranium mines. This work is feasible with brilliant prospected and scientific significance.

为了满足核电产业可持续发展和核军工等国防建设的战略需求，我国仍需加大铀矿资源的开采和选冶力度。铀兼有化学、生物毒性和放射性，研究铀矿冶含铀废水吸附新方法、选择性吸附行为和机理具有重要的现实意义。本项目基于南华大学所具有的铀矿冶含铀废水处理实验装置和大量的前期研究，拟采用化学修饰、表面基体改性等手段分别对啤酒酵母菌、磁性纳米Fe_3O_4进行表面化学修饰和功能化，通过O-酰化反应或N-酰化反应实现两者对应接枝负载，构筑一种与铀酰离子空间配位结构相匹配、吸附效果好、成本低廉、易脱(淋)洗、能循环利用的新型功能化磁性生物吸附剂。通过对吸附剂的形貌、界面结构特征和性能变化分析，研究各个功能基团对铀的吸附作用贡献，揭示吸附剂对铀的吸附行为与机理，为新型功能化磁性生物吸附剂应用于铀矿冶含铀废水选择性吸附提供理论依据。同时，该项目研究在指导铀厂矿安全生产和铀尾矿库生态环境修复等方面具有重要的实践价值。

为了满足核电产业可持续发展和核军工等国防建设的战略需求，我国仍需加大铀矿资源的开采和选冶力度。铀兼有化学、生物毒性和放射性，研究铀矿冶含铀废水吸附新方法、选择性吸附行为和机理具有重要的现实意义。本项目研究分析了铀矿冶含铀废水的理化性质；建立了胱氨酸化学修饰啤酒酵母菌的方法；研发了一种生态、环保型的生物催化制备磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子新技术；提出了氨基功能化磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子新方法；构建了磁性纳米Fe3O4接枝负载啤酒酵母菌技术；考察了溶液pH值、温度、时间、铀初始浓度以及吸附剂用量等对吸附剂吸附铀的过程影响，研究了吸附过程热力学、动力学特征；揭示了吸附剂对铀的吸附行为与机理。研究结果表明，经氨酸化学修饰啤酒酵母菌、氨基功能化磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子和磁性纳米Fe3O4接枝负载啤酒酵母菌对铀酰离子的吸附性能均有了较大提高，尤其是磁性纳米Fe3O4接枝负载啤酒酵母菌对铀酰离子的吸附性能更好。目前，已在国内外高水平期刊发表论文9篇，申请国家发明专利4项，其中授权2个。该项目的开展，新型功能化磁性生物吸附剂应用于铀矿冶含铀废水选择性吸附提供理论依据。同时，该项目研究在指导铀厂矿安全生产和铀尾矿库生态环境修复等方面具有重要的实践价值。