地铁线路钢轨波磨典型现象产生机理与抑制方法的研究

Rail corrugation is a significant orbital damage problem in metro lines. However, its occurrence mechanism is still unknown so far, which leads to the problem cannot be effectively solved. There is a typical phenomenon of rail corrugation in metros. One clue of this typical phenomenon is that rail corrugation almost inevitably generates on the inner rail of tight curved track, whereas it rarely occurs on the outer rail of the same track. Another clue is that rail corrugation seldom appears on a large-radius curve or a straight track. Based on the field measurement, numerical simulation and experimental simulation, this project aims to systematically investigate the occurrence mechanism of the typical phenomenon of rail corrugation. Firstly, from the perspective of the interaction between the friction-induced vibration of the wheel-rail system and rail abrasion, the friction-induced vibration mechanism of wheelset-track system with different curve radii and the wear quantification of rail corrugation will be comprehensively studied. Then, the wear model of rail corrugation will be established. Hence the dynamic wear process of rail corrugation will be reproduced by numerical simulation. Moreover, the above theoretical researches will be further verified by comparing with the wheel-rail rolling wear test. The occurrence mechanism of the typical phenomenon of rail corrugation in metros will be revealed. Finally, considering the interaction of multiple factors in the track support structure, an optimization design method of multi-parameter fitting will be proposed to suppress the rail corrugation. This present project not only helps to solve the typical problem of rail corrugation in metros, but also expands the investigation on coupling effect of vehicle system dynamics and tribology in engineering applications.

钢轨波磨是地铁线路中出现的显著轨道损伤问题，其产生机理尚不明确，导致该问题仍未得到有效的解决。地铁线路上钢轨波磨的典型现象为：在小半径曲线轨道的内轨几乎不可避免地出现波磨，但外轨却极少出现；在大半径曲线或直线轨道上很少出现波磨。本项目结合现场测试、数值仿真和试验模拟，对钢轨波磨典型现象的产生机理进行系统研究。首先，从轮轨摩擦自激振动和钢轨磨损相互作用的角度出发，全面开展不同曲线半径轨道上轮轨系统摩擦自激振动机制和钢轨波磨磨损程度定量化的研究，建立钢轨波磨的磨损模型，数值重现钢轨波磨的动态磨损过程。然后，通过轮轨滚动磨损试验对比验证，揭示钢轨波磨典型现象的产生机理。最后，综合考虑轨道支撑结构中多因素的相互影响，提出抑制波磨的多参数拟合的优化设计方法。本项目不仅有助于解决地铁线路上钢轨波磨的典型问题，还能拓展车辆系统动力学和摩擦学耦合作用在工程应用中的研究。

钢轨波磨作为铁路工程领域的公认难题，其产生机理尚不明确，导致该问题仍未得到有效解决。本项目结合现场测试、数值仿真和试验模拟，系统探究了地铁线路上钢轨波磨典型现象的产生机理，提出了车辆-轨道结构多参数拟合抑制钢轨波磨的优化设计方法。项目首先采集了多条地铁线路钢轨波磨病害区段的线路基础资料和波磨分布情况，拓展了基于视觉识别的钢轨波磨三维重构的研究。根据现场调研构建了不同曲线半径轨道上地铁线路车辆-轨道系统的多体动力学模型和轮轨系统的数值仿真模型，研究了轮轨间蠕滑特性、轮轨系统摩擦自激振动以及钢轨波磨之间的相互关系，揭示了轮轨系统的摩擦自激振动机制。然后，探究了轮轨摩擦自激振动和钢轨磨损间的耦合关系，建立了钢轨波磨的磨损模型，拓展了波状磨损对钢轨波磨后续发展和次生危害的影响研究。进而，通过轮轨滚动磨损试验对比验证，探究了钢轨材料的宏观磨耗特性和微观损伤特性，揭示了钢轨波磨典型现象的产生机理，为钢轨波磨典型现象的抑制提供了理论依据。最后，综合考虑多种轨道结构支撑区段车辆-轨道结构关键因素的相互影响，采用多种优化算法对比研究影响钢轨波磨关键因素的多参数拟合，提出了抑制波磨的车辆-轨道结构多参数拟合的优化设计方法，拓展了抑制钢轨波磨的钢轨吸振器优化研究，为钢轨波磨典型现象的抑制提供了优化思路和技术支持。.在项目执行期间，发表相关学术论文17篇，其中第一作者/通讯作者发表论文14篇；参加国际国内学术会议3次，并作口头报告；申请国家发明专利2项；培养硕士研究生5人，获市级研究生科研创新项目2项，获研究生国家奖学金1人次，获研究生一等奖学金4人次。.