基于非晶合金材料的新型宽调速范围复合式轴向磁通永磁电机及其励磁控制系统研究

As a new type of soft magnetic material, amorphous alloy has excellent electromagnetic properties such as high permeability, low hysteresis losses and eddy current losses. It particularly suits for iron core material of high-frequency motor. However, due to the characteristics of thin, brittle, hard, limited physical size, sensitive to mechanical stress and existing design methods cannot give full play to the advantages of amorphous alloy machine, amorphous alloy used in electrical machines is restricted. Combining the advantages of energy-saving amorphous alloy material, high torque density axial flux permanent magnet machine and wide speed range synchronous reluctance machine and stator electrically field excited synchronous machine, a new type of composite axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine with the characteristics of high efficiency, high torque density and wide speed range is presented. The specific operation mechanism of electromechanical energy conversion is proved up. By combing analytical method, three dimensional finite element simulation and experimental method, its equivalent magnetic circuit model is established, and the calculation method of synchronous reactance by considering the effect of excitation magnetic field is proposed. A calculation model of losses under different operation conditions is presented, and the electromagnetic design method, cooling system and excitation control technology is proposed, meanwhile, the design rules are summarized. Based on the aforementioned work, a complete intellectual system for this type of machine is established. This project not only has important application value, but also has important scientific significance due to the theoretical research results and the scientific problems to be solved.

非晶合金是一种新型软磁材料，具有高磁导率、低磁滞、涡流损耗的优异电磁性能，特别适合用作高频电机的铁心材料。然而，由于非晶带材薄、脆、硬，外形尺寸受限，损耗性能对应力敏感，且现有设计方法不能充分发挥非晶电机优越性等因素，制约了其在电机中的应用。本项目将非晶合金带材的高效节能优势、轴向磁通永磁电机转矩密度高的优势和同步磁阻电机与定子电励磁磁通切换型同步电机恒功率运行范围宽的优势相融合，提出基于非晶合金材料的新型高效高转矩密度宽调速范围复合式轴向磁通永磁电机，提出其特殊的机电能量转换机理，利用解析计算、三维有限元仿真与实验研究相结合的方法，建立该电机等效磁路模型，提出考虑励磁磁场影响的同步电抗计算方法，建立不同运行工况下损耗计算模型，提出电磁设计方法、散热系统和励磁控制技术，总结设计规律，建立该电机完整的理论体系。该项目不仅具有重要应用价值，而且其理论研究成果和解决的科学问题也具有重要科学意义。

非晶合金是一种新型软磁材料，具有高磁导率、低损耗的优异性能，特别适合用作电机的铁心材料。本项目将非晶合金的高效节能优势、轴向磁通永磁电机转矩密度高的优势和无刷电励磁电机恒功率运行范围宽的优势相融合，提出了一种新型宽调速范围复合励磁轴向磁通电机拓扑，并对其关键科学问题开展研究，主要成果如下：.（1）提出了考虑非晶合金材料特性的新型高效高转矩密度宽调速范围复合式轴向磁通永磁电机拓扑，基于基本电磁理论和三维有限元法，探明了其磁场调节机理和机电能量转换机理，分析了结构参数对电机性能的影响，提出了最小铜耗控制策略。建立了新型复合励磁轴向磁通电机非线性瞬态等效磁路全解析计算模型和子域法与等效磁路法相结合的电磁解析计算模型，实现了该类电机电磁性能的精确、快速计算。.（2）建立了基于精确子域法和等效电阻网络法相结合、可同时考虑定子开槽、涡流反作用和电流时间谐波影响的轴向磁通电机转子涡流损耗解析计算模型，提高了转子涡流损耗的计算精度和计算效率。提出了可考虑永磁体分段、屏蔽层结构影响的C型铁心转子涡流损耗简化实验方法和基于样机损耗分离的转子涡流损耗测试方法，验证了解析模型的有效性。.（3）建立了非晶合金带材以及不同结构非晶合金铁心性能测试方法，提出了考虑铁心加工工艺影响的非晶合金电机铁耗计算模型，通过有限元和实验验证了铁耗模型的精确性，相关研究为非晶合金电机铁耗快速、精确计算以及设计低损耗非晶合金电机奠定坚实基础。.（4）提出了电磁-热双向耦合计算方法，提高了电机损耗和最热点的计算精度。基于计算流体力学研究了复合励磁轴向磁通电机转子结构对电机内部三维流体场和温度场的影响，得到了电机内部局部过热点，提出了一种在转子内、外表面设置离心式风叶与转子支架上开设通风孔相配合的转子温升抑制方法，显著提高了散热能力。.上述研究成果对推进非晶合金复合式轴向磁通电机的研究和应用具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。