稠油岩石物理特性实验研究

Heavy oil is non-conventional crude that its viscosity and density are very high. It has different phases depended on temperature and it's an important resource of this century. Heavy oil resources are very rich in China. So, studying the rock physical properties of heavy oil has important practical significance to China's heavy oil exploration and development. From the demand for seismic exploration, this project will combine with previous research and conduct a comprehensive analysis of heavy oil's acoustic properties as well as saturated heavy oil rock physical properties in the laboratory. By measuring the heavy oil's acoustic properties at different temperatures (different phase), we will determine the relationships between the pressure wave and shear wave velocity of heavy oil and temperature. Also, we will study the impact of heavy oil on the acoustic velocity of rocks and we'll establish the rock physics model that used to describe the mutual coupling between the different phases of heavy oil and rock frame. On the basis of experimental data, we'll construct synthetic seismic model of the development of heavy oil reservoirs at different temperatures through the numerical simulation. And we'll then study the changes of the seismic signal characteristics. This will provide a basis for the development of heavy oil rock physics theory and promoting the development of the new technologies of China's heavy oil seismic exploration and development.

稠油是一种黏度和密度较大、不同温度下为不同相态的非传统原油，被看作是本世纪的重要资源。我国稠油资源非常丰富，研究稠油岩石物理性质对我国稠油资源勘探开发有重要的现实意义。本项目从地震勘探需求出发，结合前人对稠油的研究成果，在实验室对稠油声学性质以及饱和稠油岩石物理性质进行综合分析，通过测量不同温度下（不同相态）稠油声学性质，确定稠油纵、横波速度与温度的关系；在不同温度和不同含油饱和度下对饱和稠油岩石进行纵、横波速度测量，研究稠油对岩石声波速度的影响，建立不同相态稠油与岩石固体骨架相互耦合的岩石物理模型；在实验数据的基础上，通过数值模拟构建不同温度下稠油储层开发的合成地震模型，分析地震信号的变化特征，为发展稠油岩石物理理论、推动我国稠油地震勘探开发新技术的发展提供基础。

我国稠油资源非常丰富，具有陆相沉积的特点，油藏非均质严重，地质构造复杂，而且油藏类型多，埋藏深，稠油开采十分困难。针对上述情况，本项目从应用角度出发，对稠油岩石物理性质展开了研究，包括：对稠油本身性质进行了研究，获得了稠油密度与温度的关系，并总结了相应关系公式，获得了不同温度下纵波速度Vp和横波速度Vs在稠油中的传播规律，并计算了稠油体积模量和剪切模量与温度的关系；对饱和稠油岩石物理性质进行了研究，获得了储层压力下，温度对饱和稠油岩石纵、横波速度传播的影响规律，建立了适合半固体稠油与岩石耦合的新的岩石物理模型；最后通过数据建模研究了稠油油藏开发时不同阶段岩石物理参数的变化规律，分析了稠油油藏时移地震监测开发的可行性。通过上述实验及理论建模研究，为我国稠油资源勘探开发提供了数据及模型支持。