干热和湿热气候特征对人体热适应的作用机理研究

The demand for human thermal comfort is the basic scientific problem of building energy efficiency design, and is also the standard of the building thermal design and indoor thermal environment design. The existing thermal comfort standard in natural ventilation buildings only rely on the outdoor temperature to partition and evaluation. The coupling effect of the humidity and air velocity under high temperature on human thermal adaptation and the body’s self-regulation and the ability to adapt in response to different climate and building type were ignored. Based on the above problems and the diversified climatic characteristics in China, field testing and theoretical analysis of environment psychology, building climatology, sociology and statistics will be applied. The change law of the building and the body’ physiological, behavioral and psychological adaptation in the dry-hot and humid-hot climate will be analyzed. The climatic adaptation mechanism of human thermal comfort will be revealed. On the basis of the effect weight of outdoor climatic elements on human comfortable temperature, the climatic adaptation model of comfortable temperature in natural ventilation buildings in different climatic zones will be established. The rational climatic boundary conditions of comfortable temperature will be developed. The more accurate evaluation criteria of indoor comfortable conditions will be provided. The research can provide theoretical and technology supports for the revision of the indoor thermal comfort standards, and it can play an active role in building energy conservation, emissions reduction and sustainable development.

人体热舒适需求是建筑节能设计的基础科学问题，是建筑热工设计和室内热环境设计的基准。自然通风建筑现有热舒适标准仅靠室外温度来进行分区和评价，忽略了高温作用下湿度、风速等耦合作用对人体热舒适的影响以及人体应对不同气候条件和建筑类型时的自我调节和适应能力，针对以上问题和我国典型热湿气候特征，本项目拟采用现场测试与理论分析相结合的方法，综合运用环境心理学、建筑气候学及统计学等学科交叉理论，选择不同热湿气候进行建筑及人体生理、行为及心理适应的变化规律研究，揭示人体热舒适对热湿气候的适应机理。确定室外气候因子对人体舒适温度的影响权重，建立不同典型气候条件下自然通风房间人体舒适温度的多因子耦合气候适应模型，确立合理的舒适温度气候边界条件，为建筑节能设计提供更为准确的评价基准。其成果可为我国室内热舒适标准的修订提供数据支持和理论参考，期望对我国建筑领域的节能减排和可持续发展起到积极的作用。

人体热舒适需求是建筑节能设计的基础科学问题，是建筑热工设计和室内热环境设计的基准。自然通风建筑现有热舒适标准仅靠室外温度来进行分区和评价，忽略了高温作用下湿度、风速等耦合作用对人体热舒适的影响以及人体应对不同气候条件和建筑类型时的自我调节和适应能力，针对以上问题和我国典型热湿气候特征，本项目采用现场测试与理论分析相结合的方法，综合运用环境心理学、建筑气候学及统计学等学科交叉理论，选择不同热湿气候进行建筑及人体生理、行为及心理适应的变化规律研究，揭示了人体热舒适对热湿气候的适应机理。建立了不同典型气候条件下自然通风房间人体舒适温度的气候适应模型，确立了合理的舒适温度气候边界条件，为建筑节能设计提供更为准确的评价基准。在此基础上，通过模拟进行干热和湿热气候室内热环境的节能设计优化。本研究形成的各项结论，能够为揭示建筑环境人体热适应机理、完善热适应理论、提炼热适应模型提供依据，并且为我国建筑热环境评价标准的制定提供参考。