青藏高原高寒草甸区牧草附着乳酸菌遗传多样性及其饲料青贮中的应用基础研究

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is well known as "the third pole" of the world. The plateau has rich biodiversity and specific speicies due to its harsh environment. Recently, the lactobacillus germ plasm in the Plateau has been widely focused by the scientists both from native and overseas. Based on this, the project will conduct to investigate the biodiversity of lactobacillus accreted on the alpine grass growing at different altitude and regions by using traditional culturing method and biological method, so that to clarify the changes in germ plasm of lactobacillus with different altitudes and regions. At the same time, characterizing and identifing some lactobacillus strains with merits and advances in fermentation, and using these stains to making silage. By doing this, to select optimal lactobacillus strains specialized at accelarating fermentation process and making sure good quality of ensiled forage.The above research are supposed to set up primarily the databases on biodiversity of and germ plasms of lactobacillus of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and to provide important database and information of alpine lactobacillus for furthur finding out and utilization of alpine lactobacillus.

被誉为"地球第三极"的我国青藏高原地区由于其特殊的地理和气候环境，孕育了丰富并且特有的生物种质资源。近几年我国青藏高原特殊的乳酸菌种质资源引起了国内外学者的极大关注。本项目根据现有的研究基础，拟通过应用传统微生物学和分子生物学相结合的手段对我国青藏高原高寒地区不同区域(包括祁连山东麓，青海果洛州，青海玉树地区和西藏那曲地区在内的青藏高原高寒草甸样带) 和不同海拔梯度下草地牧草附着乳酸菌的多样性特征进行系统研究，探索高寒地区乳酸菌多样性的区域变迁特征及对海拔梯度的响应机制；同时，分离并筛选温度适应阈值宽、发酵和适应性能强的优良特殊乳酸菌菌株，探讨其对牧草青贮发酵模式和发酵品质的影响。通过上述研究将初步建立我国青藏高原高寒地区乳酸菌多样性信息库和种质资源库，同时也可为发掘和利用我国青藏高原高寒环境中的优良乳酸菌种质资源提供科技支撑。

被誉为“地球第三极”的我国青藏高原地区由于其特殊的地理和气候环境，孕育了丰富并且特有的生物种质资源。近几年我国青藏高原特殊的乳酸菌种质资源引起了国内外学者的极大关注。本项目根据现有的研究基础，通过应用传统微生物学和分子生物学相结合的手段对我国青藏高原高寒地区不同区域(包括祁连山东麓，青海果洛州，青海玉树地区和西藏那曲地区在内的青藏高原高寒草甸样带) 和不同海拔梯度下草地牧草附着乳酸菌的多样性特征进行系统研究，分离获得200多株高寒地区优良乳酸菌菌种，初步建立了青藏高原牧草附着乳酸菌种质资源库，揭示了高寒地区牧草附着乳酸菌的遗传多样性及其区域变迁特征；同时，分离并筛选出了多株低温发酵和产阿魏酸酯酶优良特殊乳酸菌菌株，并通过青贮试验证明了所筛选的优良菌株在低温条件下能够有效发酵青贮饲料并能降低青贮饲料中纤维素的含量。本项目研究成果对于发掘和利用我国青藏高原高寒环境中的优良乳酸菌种质资源提供了重要的科技依据；同时，为高寒地区调制优质的青贮饲料提供了重要的乡土乳酸菌种质资源，对于在青藏高原地区调制优质青贮饲料及解决青藏高原季节性草畜不平衡具有重要的实践意义。