高比例可再生能源并网的输配电网协调规划模型研究

High share renewable energy is an important feature of power system in the future. In order to cope with the pressures and challenges brought by high share renewable energy, this project presents a novel planning approach from the perspective of collaboration between transmission network and distribution network. This project aims to solve the problem how to coordinate transmission network and distribution network to meet the requirements of high share renewable energy integration, and to adapt to new economic and reformation situation..Firstly, the cost-benefit models of traditional transmission network and distribution network under the conditions of high share renewable energy integration and new economic situation are constructed. The economic collaboration index is established in view of value. The economic collaboration mechanism between transmission network and distribution network is explored..Then, the influence of uncertain factors brought by high share renewable energy integration in transmission network and distribution network are studied. The risk assessment models are constructed. The technical collaboration index is established in view of risk. The technical collaboration mechanism between transmission network and distribution network is explored..Finally, the collaborative planning model for transmission and distribution networks is proposed and verified, with multi-objectives which are optimal economic and technical collaboration indexes, and high share renewable energy generation constraints..The research achievements will effectively improve the adaptability and coordination of network planning, while strongly support high share renewable energy integration.

高比例可再生能源并网是未来电力系统的重要特征。为了应对高比例可再生能源并网给电网规划带来的压力和挑战，本项目从输配电网协调规划的角度，提出适应新形势的电网规划理论与方法，解决如何协调输配电网以更好满足高比例可再生能源接入的问题。首先，研究高比例可再生能源并网以及新常态和电力体系改革等政策下，典型输配电网全寿命周期内的成本-效益模型，从价值的角度构建输配电网经济协调性评估指标，探索输配电网经济协调机理；其次，研究高比例可再生能源并网给输配电网带来的不确定性因素影响，构建输配电网风险评估模型，从风险的角度构建输配电网技术协调性评估指标，探索输配电网技术协调机理；在此基础上，以输配电网经济、技术协调性最优为多目标，计及高比例可再生能源消纳约束，构建输配电网协调规划模型并实现有效求解。研究成果可提高输配电网规划的适应性和协调性，更好地服务高比例可再生能源并网需求。

随着新型电力系统转型升级拉开帷幕，以风电、光伏为代表的可再生能源大量接入输配电网，其出力的随机性和波动性导致配电网的主动性增强，输配电网的有功功率和无功功率相互渗透，输配电网间的耦合关系日益增长。在此背景下，本项目研究了输配电网全寿命周期成本，研究了涵盖经济效益和减排效益之和的综合效益，建立了输配电网全寿命周期内的成本-效益模型并定义了价值指标。研究了高比例可再生能源并网的输配电网不确定性因素，建立了负荷、线路故障、高压断路器故障等不确定性因素的模型，构建了输配电网风险评估模型。以此为基础，提出了输配电网协调性评估指标体系，包括经济性、安全性、可靠性、其他技术性4个层面的一级指标和20个二级指标。研究了风光联合出力建模，进而提出了输配电网协调规划方法，采用分析目标级联算法以及NSGA-II算法等，实现了标准测试系统的有效求解。.本项目的两个主要研究进展是：（1）提出了基于交流潮流输配协同的分布式优化规划方法、基于广义主从分裂理论与配电网相协同的输电网规划方法，和基于输配协同并综合考虑经济性、风光弃能率和碳排放的多目标协调规划方法，该方法通过输配电网边界传输的有功功率、节点电压将模型分解为输电子系统和配电子系统，实现了输配电网并行规划和协调，克服了输配电网存在的巨大差异以及求解难题，结果验证了在整体经济效益和可再生能源消纳水平方面都要优于传统独立式规划方案；（2）开发了高比例可再生能源接入下考虑输配协同的输电网规划测试系统，该系统抽象于我国实际电网，包含750kV、330kV、110kV三个电压等级，源网荷时空分布特点鲜明，解决了IEEE典型测试系统年代久远、缺乏输配协调算例、尚未考虑高比例可再生能源接入的缺点，结果验证了系统的适用性，为未来输配协同的相关研究提供了公共平台，能够用于输配电系统协同下的网架规划、运行优化等多方面研究。