氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钠复合抗菌敷料的制备与研究

Wound infection arising from various pathogens is the primary factor of impeding wound healing, and wound dressing with antibacterial function is an effective way to prevent wound from invasive infection. In view of the fact that existing medical dressings are incapable of satisfying the clinical needs for lack of strong, safe and lasting antimicrobial ability, the idea of graphene oxide/sodium alginate (GO/SA) composite antimicrobial dressing has been proposed in this study. Graphene oxide which has excellent antibacterial property and biocompatibility will be first prepared by the modified Hummers method and ultrasonic treatment, and then the achieved graphene oxide suspension will be incorporated into alginate solution to prepare a GO/SA composite dressing. The performances of the composite dressing including mechanical properties, water absorbability, air permeability, adsorbability, in vitro kinetic clotting time, etc, will be tested, analyzed and further tailored. The effects of the dressing's composition on fibroblast activity and antibacterial properties will be the focus of the present study. The healing experiments for infectious wound will be further carried out in animals. Through an in-depth investigation into the antibacterial efficacy and healing efficacy on deep infectious wounds, the antibacterial mechanism and healing mechanism of the composite dressing will be elucidated. This study is expected to obtain a GO/SA composite wound dressing with excellent antibacterial properties and healing efficacy, and the results of this study are promising to provide scientific data for the development of graphene oxide in the field of biomedical engineering.

创面感染是阻碍创面愈合的首要因素，具有抗菌功能的创面敷料是预防创面发生侵袭性感染的重要措施。针对现有医用敷料缺乏高效、持久、安全的抗菌能力，难以满足临床实际需求的问题，本申请拟将具有优异物理抗菌性和生物相容性的氧化石墨烯（GO）与吸水透气的海藻酸钠(SA)复合制备氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钠复合抗菌敷料。首先采用改进的Hummer法和超声波剥离法制备纳米GO溶液，再将其引入SA溶液中制备GO/SA复合敷料，并结合力学性能、吸液性、透气性、吸附性、体外动态凝血时间等分析结果，对该敷料的性能进行优化；然后研究该敷料的组成结构对成纤维细胞活性和抗菌性能的影响；进一步开展动物实验，研究该敷料对深度感染创面的抗菌作用和促愈功效。本研究有望得到一种具有优异抗菌性能和促愈功效的氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钠复合创伤敷料，并揭示该敷料的抗菌机理和促愈机制，为拓宽氧化石墨烯在生物医学工程领域的研究与应用提供理论和实验依据。

针对现有医用敷料缺乏高效、持久、安全的抗菌能力，难以满足临床实际需求的问题，本研究将具有优异物理抗菌性和生物相容性的氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒（GO-Ag）与海藻酸钠(SA)、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）复合制备GO-Ag/CMC/SA复合抗菌敷料。首先采用改进的Hummer 法和超声波剥离法制备了纳米GO溶液，再将其引入SA 溶液中，采用溶液共混法和溶剂挥发法制备了氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钠（GO/SA）复合敷料，研究了氧化石墨烯/海藻酸复合敷料的理化性能，考察了GO含量对GO/SA敷料性能的影响。其次，在氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钠复合体系的基础上尝试添加羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC），考察了CMC含量和GO含量对氧化石墨烯/羧甲基纤维素钠/海藻酸钠（GO/CMC/SA）复合敷料性能的影响，研究了GO/CMC/SA复合敷料的细胞相容性和体外抗菌性。最后，利用GO优异的吸附性能将具有优异抗菌性的银纳米粒子负载到GO上，制备了GO-Ag纳米抗菌材料，并将GO-Ag复合物与羧甲基纤维素钠和海藻酸钠复合制备了GO-Ag/CMC/SA复合抗菌敷料，研究了GO-Ag/CMC/SA复合敷料的细胞相容性和体外抗菌性，开展了GO-Ag/CMC/SA复合敷料的体内埋植实验和感染创面实验等动物实验项目。本研究按时完成了预定的项目内容，公开发表学术论文4篇，接收2篇。本研究得到的GO-Ag/CMC/SA复合创伤敷料具有强吸液性，覆盖创面后能快速清除腐败组织，保持创面湿性愈合环境。创伤敷料中所含的羧甲基纤维素钠在伤口愈合过程发挥抗粘剂的作用，使敷料在换药时能一次性脱离创面，不粘连伤口，不易损伤新生组织。创伤敷料中所含的氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒具有优异的抗菌性能，能杀灭伤口处的细菌物质，且不产生耐药性，可减少二次感染的机会，促进创面愈合。此外，该创伤敷料成本低廉，可降解，是一种环保型敷料。