云南金宝山贵金属富集物溶解液固相全萃取分离贵金属研究

Pt-Pd ores in Yunnan province, the second largest platinum metal ores in P.R. China, have the metal reserves about 45 tons of platinum and palladium. Gold, sliver, rhodium, iridium and other precious metals are containing in Jinbaoshan ores, which has a potential economic value of about 28 billions. Nowadays, extraction and sepration about Jinbaoshan the leach solutions of concentrates containing precious metals are not finished by enterprise of producting and recovering platinum metals. We will study the new method to separate precious metals by solid phase extraction using carbon nanotubes, ion imprinted polymer and hydrophilic-lipophilic polymers as the stationary phase. Some new systems for solid phase extraction of precious metals will be established through dynamic experiments. Based on the results of the experiments, the factors influencing dynamic separation, such as the absorption capacity, acidity, velocity, eluting conditions, life of extraction column and recycling targets were studied. The stationary phases for different precious metals elements will be screened out. So that we can obtain a more appropriate technique to treat Jinbaoshan the leach solutions of concentrates containing precious metals. The technique can be used in the development and application of Jinbaoshan precious metals resources. So that we can obtain higher percent metal extraction and recovery in future industrial applications. In addition, the mechanism of solid phase extraction gold, sliver, platinum, palladium, iridium and rhodium will be studied to enrich and develop the theories of extraction chemistry.

云南金宝山低品位矿铂钯储量约45吨，是我国第二大铂族金属资源。矿石中附含金、银、铑、铱等贵金属，潜在价值约280亿元。目前，国内从事生产或回收铂族金属的企业，还没有一家实现对金宝山贵金属富集物溶解液的全萃取分离。本项目研究以碳纳米管、离子印迹聚合物、两亲平衡高分子聚合物为固定相，固相萃取分离贵金属，以动态实验方法建立固相萃取贵金属新体系，对影响固相萃取分离的因素如吸附容量、过柱酸度、过柱流速、洗脱条件、柱使用寿命以及回收指标等进行研究。筛选出针对不同贵金属元素最适宜的固相萃取固定相，以期选择出一种处理金宝山贵金属富集物溶解液的最适宜工艺，可直接用于金宝山贵金属资源的开发利用。使产业化后资源的综合利用技术指标更高，经济效益更好。并对固相萃取金、银、铂、钯、铱、铑机理进行研究，丰富和发展萃取化学理论。

贵金属全萃取分离工艺广泛采用的是溶剂萃取法，溶剂萃取法的缺点是流程长，有机溶剂消耗大，设备复杂且萃取过程容易出现第三相。为了克服溶剂萃取法存在的不足，本项目提出一种有机溶剂消耗少、回收率高、成本低，从氯化浸出液中固相萃取分离贵金属的新方法。. 目前，国内从事生产或回收贵金属的企业，还没有一家实现对金宝山铂钯矿浸出液贵金属的全萃取分离。本项目探索以高分子聚合物，新型无机材料等为固定相，固相萃取分离贵金属的新方法，对影响固相萃取分离的因素如吸附容量、酸度、洗脱条件、使用寿命以及回收指标等进行研究,以期获得一种处理金宝山氯化浸出液的适宜技术，用于金宝山贵金属资源的开发利用，并对固相萃取AuCl4-、PdCl42-、PtCl62-、IrCl62-、RhCl63-及Ag(I)机理进行研究。建立了多个固相萃取金、钯、铂、铱、银新体系，其中一些萃取金、钯、铂、银体系的回收率大于98%,铑、铱的回收率大于92%，固相萃取金、钯最大吸附容量大于100 mg/g，铂、银、铱最大吸附容量大于80 mg/g，筛选出针对不同贵金属元素最适宜的固相萃取固定相，在此基础上建立了金、钯、铂、铱、铑、银固相全萃取分离流程，完成了20升规模金、钯、铂、铱、铑、银氯化浸出液固相全萃取分离，并实现了洗脱液与传统提纯方法的衔接。研究表明，固相萃取钯及银的机理为配位取代机理，而固相萃取金、铂、铱的机理均为离子缔合机理。研究工作丰富和发展了萃取化学理论，为低品位铂钯矿贵金属氯化浸出液全萃取分离探索了一条新途径。