纯电动公交车的多运营策略时刻表和车辆调度整合优化

In recent years, public transport tends to use battery electric buses in most cities of China. However, the operations planning models developed for traditional fuel buses are not applied for electric bus operations with new complex operating condition constraints such as battery capacity and charging infrastructure. This project proposes a new integrated optimization methodology of timetable using multiple operational strategies and vehicle scheduling for electric buses, taking into account the trade-off between interests of users and operators. Its aim is to enrich the public transport operations planning theory. First, through analyzing and quantifying components of passenger travel costs, this project develops an optimization model of the single-line electric bus timetable with multiple operational strategies to accommodate the complex passenger demand pattern, with the objective of minimizing the total passenger travel costs. Second, considering electric buses with battery capacity and recharging time constraints, we use the space-time network method to develop a single-line electric vehicle scheduling model with multiple operational strategies by minimizing the total operating costs. Based on these both developed models, we through a bi-objective programming approach propose a single-line integrated optimization model to simultaneously optimize electric bus timetable with multiple operational strategies and vehicle scheduling problems. To optimize regional public transport resources, we develop a multi-line regional integrated optimization model to simultaneously optimize regional electric bus timetable with multiple operational strategies and vehicle scheduling problems, taking timetable synchronization and vehicle deadheading into account. Finally, we use case studies to validate the proposed integrated optimization models and algorithms.

近年来，我国城市公交电动化发展快速。然而，现有传统燃油公交车的运营规划模型，难以适应受电池储能和充电基础设施等复杂运营条件限制的纯电动公交车运营的新需求。为完善公交运营规划理论与方法，本项目从平衡乘客和企业双方利益角度，提出纯电动公交车的多运营策略时刻表和车辆调度整合优化方法。首先，为适应日益复杂的客流需求分布特性，在分析并量化乘客出行成本影响因素的基础上，提出乘客出行成本最小的单线多运营策略时刻表优化模型。其次，考虑车辆受电池储能和充电时间等限制，采用时空网络分析法，建立车辆运营成本最小的单线多运营策略车辆调度模型。在此基础上，采用双目标规划方法，建立单线纯电动公交车的多运营策略时刻表和车辆调度整合优化模型。为优化配置区域公交资源，考虑各线路时刻表的协同性和车辆跨线调度，建立多线区域纯电动公交车的多运营策略时刻表和车辆调度整合优化模型。最后，通过实例研究验证和改进所提出的整合优化模型。

近年来，我国城市公交电动化发展快速。然而，现有传统燃油公交车的运营规划模型，难以适应受电池储能和充电基础设施等复杂运营条件限制的纯电动公交车运营的新需求。时刻表设计和车辆调度是公交运营调度中的两项关键组成部分，两者互为影响互为依托。基于机器学习、运筹学、系统工程、现代优化技术和公交运营规划与管理的理论与方法，以改善公交供需匹配、纯电动公交车辆一次充电后能源利用效率、提高纯电动公交车辆运营效率为目标，探究基于多源数据融合和挖掘的客流需求时空估算的方法，重点研究匹配客流需求的多运营策略时刻表设计、纯电动公交车辆调度和两者协同整合优化方法。研究结果表明，1）多运营策略时刻表极大地改善了公交供需匹配，提高公交服务水平；2）在车辆调度中，多运营策略提高了纯电动公交车辆一次充电后能源利用率，同时比单一策略在减少车队规模上具有明显优势；与刚性调度相比较，柔性调度较大程度地改善了纯电动公交车辆运营效率；3）在纯电动公交车辆运营调度中，协同整合优化比顺序优化，在公交车队资源横向优化配置中更具经济性，可改善纯电动公交车辆续驶里程短对公交运营效率带来的影响。.本研究将多源数据融合和挖掘分析技术与传统运筹学方法相结合，针对纯电动公交车辆运营调度难题开展探索，为混合且复杂客流需求时空分布估算及服务匹配提供新方法，为改善纯电动公交车辆一次充电后能量利用率的车辆调度提供新思路，对纯电动公交车队资源横向优化配置，提出了时刻表和车辆调度子问题协同整合优化方法。研究成果具有较强的实践指导意义，有助于丰富公交运营规划与管理的理论与方法，促进纯电动公交车辆规模化推广与应用，实现公共交通可持续快速发展。