“生产-消费”视角下我国水足迹空间异质性研究

Nowadays our country encounters the water shortage problem with obviously various situations in different regions, as well as the implementation of the Most Stringent Water Resources Management System. Focusing on the deficiency of existing relevant research, based on the perspective of “production-consumption”, together with the research framework of analysis “overall-on the economic region level-on the industrial structure level”, the domestic water footprint and total water footprint are introduced and become the main lines of the current research, respectively indicating the water use in the production and consumption. With the multi-regional input-output analysis, the spatial difference decomposition methods of Theil Index, and the difference cause decomposition methods of Pseudo-Gini Coefficient, the spatial heterogeneity of Chinese water footprint is researched. Firstly, the status quo is presented with the theoretical basis constructed. Secondly, the spatial heterogeneity models of Chinese water footprint are built respectively in the perspectives of both production and consumption. This part includes the content as follows: in the scale of both province and economic region, the overall spatial heterogeneity explanation of Chinese water footprint in the angle of amount, structure, and the relevant indicators; on the economic region level, the spatial heterogeneity elaboration of Chinese water footprint among regions and among provinces in each economic region; on the industrial structure level, the water footprint spatial heterogeneity analysis of each industry in China. Thirdly, based on the result of model estimation, the spatial heterogeneity of Chinese water footprint is expounded in the perspectives of both production and consumption. Finally, the corresponding recommendations are provided with regard to the path selection of water saving in Chinese various regions. This project can partially offset the defects of existing researches, and be in favor of the implementation of the Most Stringent Water Resources Management System.

面对我国水资源短缺情况地区间差异较明显及实行最严格水资源管理制度的国情，针对已有研究不足，基于“生产-消费”视角，在“总体分析-经济区域层次下分析-产业结构层次下分析”研究框架下，引入“生产水足迹”和“总水足迹”分别表示生产和消费中耗水量并以之为主线，采用多区域投入产出法、锡尔指数空间差异分解法及伪基尼系数差异成因分解法，研究我国水足迹空间异质性。首先，构建理论基础并分析现状。其次，分别构建生产和消费视角下我国水足迹空间异质性模型：在省和经济区域尺度下，从总量、结构、相关指标上分析我国水足迹总体空间异质性；经济区域层次下分析我国水足迹经济区域之间及区域内省间空间异质性；产业结构层次下分析我国三大产业水足迹空间异质性。再次，基于模型估算分别分析生产和消费视角下我国水足迹空间异质性。最后，对我国不同地区节水实现路径选择提出建议。部分弥补已有研究现存缺陷，有利于我国最严格水资源管理制度的实行。

结合水足迹分析我国地区用水情况，并区分生产和消费用水，是缓解我国水资源短缺问题的前提。引入“生产水足迹”和“总水足迹”分别表示生产和消费中的用水情况，在“总体分析-经济区域层次下分析-产业结构层次下分析”框架下，分析我国水足迹空间异质性及其主要成因，并对我国合理高效降低水足迹提出对策。. 我国30省区生产水足迹均方差系数为42.43%。经济区域间异质性是我国生产水足迹总体空间异质性的主要成因。我国生产水足迹需求结构地区间存在异同，水资源压力指标、生产水足迹强度、工业生产水足迹废弃率呈较显著空间异质性。农林牧渔业最终需求量和直接用水系数、食品制造及烟草加工业直接用水系数经济区域间差异，是我国生产水足迹经济区域间异质性的主要成因；生产水足迹总量、部门结构、总量差异成因等在各区域内省区间均呈一定异质性。三大产业生产水足迹较显著的省区间异质性，分别源自农林牧渔业直接用水系数与最终需求量、食品制造及烟草加工业最终需求量、住宿和餐饮业用水乘数与最终需求量的省区间差异。. 我国30省区总水足迹均方差系数为51.79%。经济区域内省区间异质性和经济区域间异质性对我国总水足迹空间异质性贡献相近。我国各地区总水足迹均主要用于城镇居民对农林牧渔业、食品制造和烟草加工业产品的消费。多数省区及多数经济区域总水足迹均主要源自国内其他地区。水资源匮乏指标、人均总水足迹与居民生活直接用水废弃率空间异质性较显著。农林牧渔业人均总水足迹与人口数量经济区域间差异，是我国总水足迹空间异质性的主要成因。各区域内省区间总水足迹异质性主要成因均为其主要贡献部门人均总水足迹省区间差异。农林牧渔业、食品制造及烟草加工业、住宿和餐饮业人均总水足迹省区间较显著差异，分别是我国三大产业总水足迹空间异质性的主要成因。. 为合理高效降低我国水足迹，有关地区应针对性调整生产、消费和贸易，并提供相应保障。. 一定程度地弥补了已有研究不足，为我国缓解水资源短缺问题提供对策依据。