碲纳米线组装体的可控制备及性能研究

Presently, lithography and selective etching after coassembly of different kinds of nanowires were used to prepare the nanowire film with ordered and adjustable spacing. These methods have low-yield, high cost and high surface roughness, which limit the potential applications of nano devices. In this project, functional polymer would be grafed to tellurium nanowires and combined with Langmuir-Blodgett film assembly technique. A new method of controlling the spacing between nanowires in the process of assembly would be developed. Preparation of nanowire assemblies with adjustable spacing or pore, controlled dimension, large area and high ordered. And the relationship between the structure of nanowire assemblies and their property will be investigated. By varying the grafted length of the polymer chains or the external environment to adjust the spacing among of nanowires and which will be transferred to different substrates including rigid and flexible substrates for device construction. Moreover, the ordered monolayer, adjustable spacing nanowire film assembled layer by layer, obtained nanowire assemblies with controlled dimension and adjustable pore. Meanwhile, for the tellurium nanowires have high reactivity, tellurium nanowire film reacted with metal salt solution would convert to new ordered telluride nanowires and their multicomponent composites. Explore their potential applications in multifunctional nano devices such as luminescence, conductivity and biosensors.

为得到有序、间距可调的纳米线薄膜，当前一般通过光刻技术和多种纳米线共组装后的选择性刻蚀等方法来实现，这些方法产量低、成本高，且表面粗糙度较高，限制了纳米器件的潜在应用。本项目拟在碲纳米线表面修饰功能高分子，结合Langmuir-Blodgett膜组装技术，发展一种纳米线组装过程中控制纳米线间距的新方法，研制间距或孔隙可调、维数可控、大面积、高有序的纳米线组装体，并探索纳米线组装体结构和性能的相互关系。通过改变修饰在碲纳米线上聚合物的链长或外界环境来调节纳米线的间距，并将其在刚性或柔性的衬底上实现有效的组装与集成。进一步将上述单层有序、间距可调的纳米线薄膜通过层层组装，得到维数可控、孔隙可调的纳米线组装体。同时利用碲纳米线的高反应性，将碲纳米线组装体与其他金属盐溶液反应，制备新型碲化物纳米线有序薄膜及具有复杂结构的纳米线组装体，探索其在发光、导电和生物传感器等多重功能的纳米器件中的潜在应用。

纳米结构单元的表面功能化修饰与组装相结合，以制备具有环境刺激响应性的功能纳米器件，特别是间距可调的组装体，将会成为一种制备功能性纳米复合材料的新方法。然而纳米线表面功能化修饰后在界面上实现大面积可控组装还鲜有报道。本研究项目将纳米线的表面功能化修饰和Langmuir-Blodgett膜组装技术相结合，发展了一种纳米线组装并控制纳米线间距的新方法，制备出间距或孔隙可调、维数可控、大面积、高有序的纳米线组装体，并初步探索了纳米线组装体结构和性能的相互关系。以碲纳米线为研究基础，通过在碲纳米线表面引入不同分子量的端氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚，实现了高分子与碲纳米线的有效复合；通过改变修饰在碲纳米线上聚合物的链长，在使用Langmuir-Blodgett技术排列碲纳米线的同时实现了纳米线的间距调控。进一步将上述单层有序、间距可调的纳米线薄膜通过层层组装，得到维数可控、孔隙可调的纳米线组装体。同时利用碲纳米线的高反应性，将碲纳米线组装体与其他金属盐（硝酸银、氯金酸）溶液反应，制备出新型碲化物纳米线有序薄膜及具有复杂结构的纳米线组装体，初步探索了不同间距或孔隙的纳米线组装体的透过率、光导等性能差异。同时在项目基金的支持下，利用实验室既有条件开展了静电纺丝制备复合材料及电化学性能研究实验，制备得到的一维多孔纳米纤维材料在电催化和葡糖糖传感方面展现出较好的效果。