花生荚果果型大小相关基因的筛选及分析

The subterranean fructification, distinguished from most other plants, is the most salient feature of seed production in peanut. We pay attention on the development of peanut pod because geocarpy has the biologically important value for studying of organogenesis and evolution, while pod undisputedly is the most important organ from an agronomic perspective. To provide deep insights into pod transcriptome and comprehensively characterize their expression dynamics throughout development, we have conducted RNA-seq using RNA isolated from 20 separated seed and shell samples representing 11 distinct stages of pod development, producing approximately100 Gb sequence data, more than 30 times the size of peanut genome. We have also sequenced microRNA with the same samples. Based on these transcriptome and microRNA sequence data sets, we will develop a gene microarray and a microRNA microarray. Using these microarrays, we will analyze global gene expression and microRNA profiles of between genotype with the big size pods and genotypes with small size pods at 5 key developmental stages. The transcriptome analysis will lead to identifying a few of functional genes associated with pod size. Then we will conduct an array of experiments to confirm these candidate genes.Through this project, we expect to identify some genes related to controlling pod size, to pave the way for functional genomics for yield, as well as to provide candidate genes for molecular breeding.

花生荚果果型小是南方花生平均单产低的主要因素，培育大果高产品种是南方花生遗传改良的主要目标之一。但多年来培育大果花生品种工作一直徘徊不前，其原因在于缺乏对花生荚果性状，特别是大小果性状分子遗传基础的了解。基此，本项目拟采用本课题组前期花生荚果不同发育时期的果壳和种子转录组和miRNA研究所获得的海量测序数据，研制超高密度花生基因芯片和miRNA芯片，以超大果品系（AB101）和超小果品系（AB012）二个近等基因系为材料，分析超大果和超小果品系的果皮和种子在荚果发育5个关键时期的基因和miRNA表达谱，通过生物信息学分析，筛选出与荚果大小发育相关的候选基因和miRNA（及其靶基因），并系统研究候选基因和miRNA参与调控花生荚果大小发育相关的代谢途径和调控网络。本项目研究结果将为南方大果花生新品种培育提供分子依据和储备基因资源。

花生荚果果型大小是决定花生产量的重要因素之一。但多年来培育大果花生品种工作一直徘徊不前，其原因在于缺乏对花生荚果性状，特别是大小果性状分子遗传基础的了解。因此，本研究以两个超大果和超小果近等基因系花生荚果为实验材料，在荚果发育的5个关键时期进行取材，利用 Illumina HiSeq2500 技术平台对其进行转录组和miRNA测序分析，通过对转录组差异表达基因和差异表达miRNA的靶基因进行GO和KEGG分析，筛选出多个与花生荚果大小发育相关的代谢通路和候选基因，前20个富集较显著的包括半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢，亚麻酸代谢和硫代葡萄糖酸盐代谢，植物激素信号转导等，推测这些代谢通路及其相关基因可能参与控制花生荚果果型的发育。本研究结果将为南方大果花生新品种培育提供分子依据和储备基因资源。.本项目共发表研究论文6篇，其中被SCI收录4篇，授权发明专利1项。