节点稀疏的水声传感器网络对移动目标协同探测的路径覆盖策略

To meet urgent demand of monitoring ocean environment and safeguarding marine rights and interests, we have proposed a path coverage strategy for underwater acoustic sensor networks with sparse sensors of cooperatively detecting mobile targets. Specifically, we will propose the system model, node sensing model and node union sensing model based on the characteristics of underwater acoustic sensor networks. We will further investigate the optimal tradeoff between node sensing area and network traffic based on optimization and cooperative game theory. Then the coverage strategy based on union node sensing will be proposed to reduce the number of nodes while extend coverage range for underwater acoustic monitoring networks. Proceeding from two perspectives of monitoring side (sensor networks) and anti-monitoring side (mobile targets), mathematical methods such as computational geometry, potential field and virtual force, and graph theory will be studied to break the bottleneck of 3D path coverage strategy. The metric of evaluating the performance of detection systems will be proposed, and parameter configuration of cooperative detection system could then be optimized. Based on these works, the path coverage strategy for underwater acoustic sensor networks with cooperatively detecting mobile targets would finally be proposed. The project is of great academic significance for developing the theory of mobile targets cooperative detection for underwater acoustic sensor networks and the technologies for safeguarding our oceans.

结合海洋环境监测和海洋权益维护对大范围海域防护的迫切应用需求，以探测任意位置、任意路径入侵的移动目标为目的，提出节点稀疏的水声传感器网络对移动目标协同探测的路径覆盖策略，解决防护区域出现探测盲区的问题。针对水声传感器网络的特点，建立系统模型和节点感知模型、以及节点联盟感知模型；研究优化理论和合作博弈理论在节点感知区域和网络通信量之间寻求最优，提出基于节点联盟的覆盖策略，在扩大水声监测网络覆盖范围的同时进一步减少覆盖的节点数量；从监控方（传感器网络）和反监控方（移动目标）两个角度着手，研究计算几何、势场与虚拟力、图论等数学方法，突破3维路径覆盖策略的瓶颈；针对弱覆盖，给出检测系统的评估指标，优化协同检测系统参数配置。本项目最终形成水下传感器网络对移动目标协同探测的路径覆盖策略，完善水下传感器网络对移动目标协同探测的理论，推动海洋防护技术的发展。

本项目针对海洋环境监测和海洋权益维护中，对防护的大范围海域（防护海域远大于单个传感器节点的感知区域/范围）探测入侵目标的应用需求，系统深入地研究了水下传感器网络对移动目标协同探测的覆盖问题，完成了全部研究内容，突破了水下传感器网络对移动目标协同探测存在盲区/漏洞的瓶颈。1、建立了协同探测的系统模型和基于信息融合的节点联盟感知模型；2、针对水下节点稀疏的特点，分别提出了基于邻接矩阵的全向和有向传感器网络2维栅栏覆盖策略，基于图分级的2维栅栏覆盖策略以及基于节点联盟的2维栅栏覆盖策略；3、针对水声传感器网络的特点，提出了基于Voronoi图的3维路径覆盖策略；4、为了保证路径覆盖的质量，分别提出了基于运动传感器网络的静态和动态目标定位算法；5、为了进一步优化路径覆盖，提出了基于遗传算法和分级图的漏洞检查和修复机制；6、在理论研究的基础上构建了水声传感器网络对移动目标协同探测的试验系统，完成了联调及功能性验证试验。本项目形成了节点稀疏的水声传感器网络对移动目标协同探测的路径覆盖策略，完善了水声传感器网络对移动目标协同探测的性能评估和优化体系，提高了水声传感器网络的可靠性和有效性，为推进我国海洋的利用开发和海军国防安全提供理论支持。