磷硅阻燃增韧脂肪胺类固化剂的设计合成及其对环氧树脂的阻燃和增韧作用研究

As a common epoxy resin system, epoxy-aliphatic amine system is highly flammable and brittle, which seriously restricts its application and development in the fields of coatings, composites, adhesives and so on. Therefore, novel phosphorus-silicone flame-retardant toughening aliphatic curing agents are synthesized in order to prepare epoxy-aliphatic amine systems with excellent flame retardancy and good toughness in this project. Through the molecular structure design, the phosphorus-based flame retardant component with high-efficiency flame-retardant properties and the flexible silicone segment are simultaneously introduced into the aliphatic amine-based curing agent to synthesize a series of phosphorus-silicon flame-retardant toughening aliphatic amine curing agents with the characteristic of ‘synergistic flame retardant’, ‘intrinsic flame retardant’ and ‘highly toughen’, which are used to prepare novel epoxy- aliphatic amine systems with excellent flame retardancy and toughness. The preparation of novel epoxy-aliphatic amine systems can solve the problem of flammability and brittleness of epoxy resin, and promote its application and development in the fields of coatings, composites, adhesives and so on. This project reveals the influence of the molecular structure of aliphatic amine curing agent on the flame retardancy and toughness of epoxy resin, and provides new methods and ideas for the development of high performance epoxy-aliphatic amine system, and establish theoretic and technical foundation for the large scale use of high performance epoxy-aliphatic amine system.

环氧-脂肪胺体系作为常见的环氧树脂体系，其高度易燃、脆性大的缺点，严重影响其在涂料、复合材料、粘接剂等领域的应用与发展。为此，本项目拟通过合成新型的磷硅阻燃增韧脂肪类固化剂，以制备阻燃性能优异、韧性好的环氧-脂肪胺体系。通过分子结构设计，将具备高效阻燃特性的磷系阻燃成分以及柔性的有机硅链段同时引入脂肪胺类固化剂当中，合成一系列兼备“协同阻燃”、“本质阻燃”以及“高效增韧”三大特性的新型磷硅阻燃增韧脂肪胺类固化剂，以期制得具备优异阻燃性能以及韧性的新型环氧-脂肪胺体系，从而解决环氧树脂的高度易燃以及韧性差问题，并推动环氧-脂肪胺体系在涂料、复合材料、粘接剂等领域的应用与发展。本项目通过揭示脂肪胺类固化剂分子结构对环氧树脂阻燃性能以及韧性的影响规律，为高性能环氧-脂肪胺体系的研发提供新方法和新思路，为高性能环氧-脂肪胺体系的大规模应用奠定理论和技术基础。

环氧-脂肪胺体系作为常见的环氧树脂体系，其高度易燃、脆性大的缺点，严重影响其在涂料、复合材料、粘接剂等领域的应用与发展。为此，本项目提出一种结合协同阻燃技术和增韧技术以解决环氧-脂肪胺体系高度易燃、脆性大的缺点。通过分子结构设计，将阻燃磷系成分以及柔性有机硅链段同时引入脂肪胺中，合成一类新型磷硅阻燃增韧脂肪胺类固化剂，制得具备优异阻燃性能以及韧性的环氧体系。并且基于协同阻燃机理，将两种阻燃成分（至少一种为磷系成分）同时构筑于同一个低聚物分子之中，合成一类新型含磷协同低聚物型阻燃剂，用以提升环氧体系的阻燃及力学性能。研究表明，所得环氧固化物的力学性能（力学强度及韧性）均明显提升；并且固化物的阻燃性能大幅提高，均通过UL-94 V-0等级，燃烧热释放和烟释放量明显减少；阻燃机理研究表明，阻燃性能的显著提升主要归因于磷系及其他阻燃成分之间的协同阻燃效应。研究成果为高性能阻燃环氧树脂体系的制备提供了新方法，为磷系阻燃增韧剂的开发奠定了理论和技术基础。