芳砜纶基卤胺纳米纤维水净化膜的可控制备及杀菌机制研究

Currently, ultrafiltration membrane materials for water disinfection generally have a bottleneck with low permeation flux and large driving pressure, which cannot satisfy the requirements for efficient, rapid and portable purification of drinking water. Herein, we will study the fabrication and regulation rule of hydrogen bond of electrospun polysulfonamide(PSA) halamine nanofibrous membrane, reveal the collaborative optimization mechanism of the material structure and biocidal properties, finally obtain membranes with high permeation flux and low driving pressure. Recently, we have preliminarily prepared PSA halamine nanofibers by electrospinning. However, the resultant active chlorine content has not yet met the practical application requirements. In this work, we will fabricate cellulose-doped PSA halamine nanofibrous membranes and study the relevant biocidal mechanism, reveal the constitutive relationship between the doping structure and hydrogen bonding of PSA, clarify the loading and releasing processes of active chlorine in the nanofiber structure. Furthermore, we will establish a biocidal relationship model for water purification by using halamine nanofibrous membranes, indicate the relevant structural features of membranes with the optimized application performance, and finally obtain the membranes with the permeation flux ≥5000L m-2 h-1, the driving pressure ≤5kPa, and the sterilization efficiency ≥99.999%, which could satisfy the practical applications in the field of water disinfection.

当前水净化用超滤膜材料普遍存在渗透通量低、渗透压力大的瓶颈，无法满足水处理领域对饮用水高效、快速、便携消毒净化的迫切需求。本项目拟研究静电纺芳砜纶基卤胺纳米纤维膜材料的成型及分子间氢键调控规律，揭示材料复合掺杂结构与杀菌性能的协同优化机制，从而获得高渗透通量、低渗透压力的杀菌水净化膜。近期申请者通过静电纺丝初步制备了具有活性氯固定性能的芳砜纶纳米纤维，但其活性氯固载量仍未达到实际应用要求。本项目将开展纤维素掺杂芳砜纶卤胺纳米纤维膜的可控制备及杀菌机制研究，揭示掺杂结构与芳砜纶分子间氢键作用的本构关联，阐明纳米纤维结构中活性氯的负载及释放规律，建立适用于卤胺纳米纤维膜水净化应用的接触杀菌构效关系模型，确立材料达到最佳杀菌过滤性能时所应具有的本体结构特征，在保证杀菌效率≥99.999%的前提下，实现净化通量≥5000L m-2 h-1，渗透压力≤5kPa的目标，以满足水消毒净化领域的迫切需求。

当前水净化用超滤膜材料普遍存在渗透通量低、渗透压力大的瓶颈，无法满足水处理领域对饮用水高效、快速、便携消毒净化的迫切需求。本课题“芳砜纶基卤胺纳米纤维水净化膜的可控制备及杀菌机制研究”旨在将可再生的卤胺杀菌剂引入纳米纤维中赋予其杀菌功能，实现膜材料除菌性能与渗透通量的协同提升。从2020年初开始到2022年末这三年的时间里，开展了大量的实验研究工作：主要围绕芳砜纶（PSA）卤胺纳米纤维膜的制备及其分子间氢键作用、PSA卤胺纳米纤维膜的杀菌性能、卤胺基乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（EVOH）纳米纤维净水膜的可控制备以及杀菌性能等开展，成功制备出了具有三维立体曲孔结构和可再生高效杀菌特性的卤胺纳米纤维净水膜，从而在保证高杀菌效率（≥99.999%）的前提下，以较低的驱动压力实现高分离通量，实现净化通量≥5000L m-2 h-1，渗透压力≤5kPa的目标。项目执行期间共培养博士4名，硕士5名。发表学术论文10篇，申请发明专利6项，获授权专利6项。本课题的完成有望在高效杀菌水净化领域、食品加工领域发挥重要的作用，这在水消毒净化研究领域里将是一场新的技术革命并具备巨大的产业化应用价值。