利用微细水雾降尘原理结合绿色植物吸尘作用抑制近地表PM2.5浓度的研究

In order to solve the problem that many people are suffering PM2.5, the primary pollutant in an increasing number of heavy haze, a new method based on the mechanism of fine water-spray dust catcher and the adsorption effect of plant leaves is put forward to accelerate PM2.5 settlement and decrease the PM2.5 concentration in the suitable microenvironment composed of fine water-spray, plant and soil. This project will study the mechanism of fine water-spray scavenging PM2.5 and the influence law of droplets size on the capture efficiency. After the motion model of the PM2.5 particles or dust droplets was established, the settling velocity and drift range of the dust droplets will be obtained through analysis of the motion characteristics of them under different temperatures or wind speed. Based on the high power, high efficiency ultrasonic nebulizer and plant, a new system with the function such as PM2.5 capture, rapid subsidence and prevention of secondary pollutants release will be designed. Set up several ultrasonic atomizing devices at different points, explore the control methods of the droplets’ diffusion path and scope in an open environment. The new method considering the principle of fine water-spray dust catcher and the adsorption effect of plant leaves, so as to decrease the PM2.5 concentrations near-ground with little water consumption, has important academic theory significance and engineering application value.

针对频繁出现的雾霾及其携带的PM2.5污染物对人体健康的严重危害，提出将微细水雾捕尘、降尘作用与植物叶片的吸尘、滞尘作用相结合，构建由微细水雾、植物及土壤组成的适宜小环境加速PM2.5沉降、抑制近地表PM2.5浓度的新方法。研究雾滴与PM2.5污染物的作用机制和雾滴尺度对捕捉效率的影响规律。通过建立PM2.5颗粒/含尘雾滴的运动模型，根据不同温度、风速下雾滴的运动特征，预测其沉降速度及漂移范围。以大功率高效率超声雾化器、绿色植物为基础，构建集PM2.5捕集、加速沉降及防止污染物二次释放功能于一体的新型抑制局部空间PM2.5浓度的系统;以多点分散设置超声雾化装置为基本措施，探索雾团在开放环境中的扩散路径和范围的控制方法。本项目综合考虑了水雾降尘原理和植物对空气的净化作用，探索抑制近地表PM2.5浓度的新方法，对当前国内面临的雾霾污染治理具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

针对频繁出现的雾霾及其携带的PM2.5污染物对人体健康的严重危害，提出将微细水雾捕尘、降尘作用与植物叶片的吸尘、滞尘作用相结合，构建由微细水雾、植物及土壤组成的适宜小环境加速PM2.5沉降、抑制近地表PM2.5浓度的新方法。搭建了容积为8m3的环境模拟实验舱，试制了窗式空气净化装置1台，串联多级水雾除尘装置1台，屏风式空气净化装置1台，低频超声雾化器1种。研究了微细水雾捕获细颗粒物的机理，研究了大雾化量超声雾化器的方案。利用HELOS激光粒谱仪测试了高频超声雾化器和低频超声雾化器产生的雾滴粒径及其分布，测试了烟尘的粒径及其分布，发现高频超声雾化器的雾滴中径比低频超声雾化器的雾滴中径更接近于PM2.5颗粒的粒径。进行了微细水雾抑制PM2.5浓度的效果实验，结果显示，在8m3模拟舱内，微细水雾要使PM2.5浓度降低到初始值以下需要几十分钟以上。研究了微细水雾结合绿色植物抑制PM2.5浓度的效果，结果不太明显。此外，还研究了微细水雾、静电、负离子除尘技术在抑制PM2.5浓度方面的作用以及复杂环境下雾滴的漂移特点。已发表论文7篇，授权发明专利5项，其中发明专利2项。.本项目综合考虑了水雾降尘原理和植物对空气的净化作用，探索抑制近地表PM2.5浓度的新方法，对当前国内面临的雾霾污染治理具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。