掺杂量子点多发射荧光调控及其阵列传感器对芳香硝基爆炸物的快速筛查

On-site and rapid detection of explosives always has been a challenging task due to their combined usage, so it is necessary to develop new type of sensor materials and detection methods to meet the urgent demand for their rapid field screening. Aiming to this goal and based on the basic principles of nanotechnology and spectrochemistry, in the present proposal we will design and develop intrinsic multi-emission doped quantum dots with high quantum efficiency and low toxicity as sensing materials. Meanwhile, the principle of doped preparation and regulation method of multi-color fluorescence emission will be explored. Then, we will design and synthesize several multi-emission fluorescence probes based on doped quantum dots. These probes enable with specific molecular recognition for nitroaromatic explosives, and the corresponding mechanism will be investigated. The relative fluorescence emission intensities and color signal output modes of these probes will be clarified, and fast identification and sensitively visual detection of nitroaromatic explosives will be realized. On the basis of the above, the sensor arrays and visual analysis detection systems can be finally established, and then applied for sensitive rapid screening and identification of multi-component nitroaromatic explosives. The expected results of this proposal will provide a new approach for rapid field screening of explosives, and have important scientific significance for the protection of social stability, anti-terrorism and public safety.

爆炸物通常混合使用组分复杂，导致其现场快速检测一直都是一个具有挑战性的难题，因此非常有必要发展新型的传感材料和检测方法以满足爆炸物现场快速筛查的需求。本项目以芳香硝基爆炸物的现场快速筛查与鉴定为目标，拟从纳米材料技术和光谱分析化学的基本原理出发，发展具有高荧光量子效率和本征多发射荧光的低毒性掺杂量子点传感材料，研究其掺杂制备原理以及多发射荧光和颜色的调控方法。进而设计合成几种多发射荧光探针，揭示其对芳香硝基爆炸物分子的特异性识别与敏感检测机制，阐明多通道荧光信号的相对强度和输出模式，实现多种类芳香硝基爆炸物的同时快速识别和敏感可视化检测。在此基础上，构筑荧光可视化阵列传感器及其分析检测系统，最终应用于多组分芳香硝基爆炸物的现场敏感快速筛查与鉴定。本项目的预期成果将为爆炸物的现场快速筛查提供新手段，对于保障社会安定、反恐和维护公共安全具有重要的科学意义。

本项目针对爆炸物快速廉价检测需求，利用量子点等纳米材料的光学特性，结合纳米化学和纳米颗粒表面的分子设计与修饰，发展并建立了多发射荧光探针及其可视化检测分析方法。主要发现点和成果如下：（1）提出了几种新颖的纳米荧光探针设计原理和制备方法，实现了对痕量爆炸物的快速敏感检测；（2）发展了基于多发射荧光的可视化传感原理和分析方法，为快速、现场和廉价的生化分析提供了新手段；（3）构建了纸质传感器和链接移动终端的便携式检测设备，实现了痕迹量目标分析物（包括放射性核素、重金属残留、爆炸物残留、氟离子等）的快速可视化检测，为发展爆炸物检测与筛查提供了理论和技术支持。上述研究工作取得了多项具有一定创新性和系统性的研究成果，部分研究工作已经在Chemical Engineering Journal、Biosensors and Bioelectronics、Journal of Materials Chemistry A、Analytical Chemistry、ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces、Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical等国际期刊上发表论文22篇。此外，还获得了国家授权发明专利2项。