采煤作用下区域生态响应及其时空演变规律研究

For decades, large-scale and high-intensity coal mining activities have contributed greatly to national energy security and economic development of China, meanwhile paying a huge ecological environment price. Therefore, comprehensive management and ecological restoration of mine environment are significant tasks laying ahead in the construction of ecological civilization in China. Taking typical coal bases in the ecological function area of the Loess Plateau as an example, this project aims to find out the main ecological problems existing in regional ecosystem by collecting data and on-site investigation. It focuses on the structures and functions of regional ecosystem around the concept of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses are a life community”. Furthermore, multi-factor spatio-temporal coupling model is proposed to reveal the response mechanism and synergistic coupling relationship of various ecological factors in arid and semi-arid areas under coal mining activities. On this basis, a spatio-temporal cube model of ecological problems in the mining area will be constructed, and a spatio-temporal hot spot clustering method will be applied to explore the spatio-temporal evolution law of main ecological problems in the mining area, and to evaluate the sensitivity of ecosystems; Based on the service function of the regional ecosystem, the incremental spatial-temporal autocorrelation model will be adopted to quantitatively determine the threshold of the stability of ecosystem, estimate the degree of ecosystem stability, and finally determine the dominant direction and key areas for the ecological protection and restoration.

长久以来，大规模、高强度的煤炭资源开发活动，在为国家能源安全、经济发展做出重大贡献的同时，也付出了巨大的生态环境代价。矿山环境综合治理与生态修复是我国生态文明建设的重要任务，本项目以我国黄土高原生态功能区内典型煤炭基地为例，通过收集资料和现场调查，摸清区域生态系统存在的主要问题，围绕“山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体”的理念，聚焦区域生态系统结构与功能稳定性，拟采用多因子时空耦合模型，揭示干旱半干旱地区各生态因子在采煤作用下的响应机制及其协同耦合关系；以此为基础，构建矿区生态问题时空立方体模型，应用时空热点聚类方法探索矿区主要生态问题时空演化规律，评估生态系统敏感性；围绕区域生态系统服务功能，应用增量时空自相关模型定量判定生态系统稳定性阈值，估算生态系统稳定程度，最终确定生态保护修复主导方向与重点区域。

本项目以我国黄土高原生态功能区内典型煤炭基地为例，通过收集资料和补充调查等手段，聚焦矿区生态系统结构与功能稳定性，构建多因子时空耦合模型，揭示干旱半干旱矿区生态因子在采煤作用下的响应机制及其协同耦合关系，圈定矿区生态环境损毁严重区域，并应用时空自相关模型定量判定生态系统稳定性阈值。项目成果可为黄土高原干旱半干旱矿区生态保护修复提供科学参考。项目执行周期内，累积发表SCI和中文核心论文10篇。其中，以第一作者或通讯作者发表SCI索引论文8篇，中文核心论文1篇。作为主要编写人参与编制并印发实施两部行业标准《矿山生态修复技术规范——通则》和《油气矿山生态修复技术规范》。项目成果支撑了黄河重点生态区生态保护和修复重大工程建设规划和黄河流域国土空间规划等专项规划编制。