富磷微生物的筛选培养及其转化为过渡金属磷化物/生物炭的研究

Conversion of phosphorus and carbon elements in low-valued biomass to transitional metal phosphide/biochar (TMP/Biochar) composite represents an efficient approach of comprehensive utilization of biomass and reducing the negative influence of biomass waste to the environment. In order to value-added utilize phosphorus in biomass and uncover the mechanism of phosphorus conversion to TMP, we propose to isolate and culture phosphorus-enriched microorganism as model biomass for further study. Intracellular phosphorus accumulation and distribution (phosphate vs polyphosphate) will be controlled through environmental factors. Anaerobic pyrolysis method will be adopted to convert phosphorus-enriched microorganism to TMP/Biochar. A typical heterogeneous reaction of photocatalytic water splitting will be chosen to evaluate the activity of TMP/Biochar. Through above-mentioned studies, a technological process for the conversion of low-valued biomass to TMP/Biochar can be constructed, the influences of existing forms of intracellular phosphorus on the structure, distribution and activity of TMP will also be understood. By investigating the relationship between phosphorus in biomass, TMP and solar energy conversion, we can provide technological and theoretical guidance for value-added conversion and comprehensive utilization of low-valued phosphorus-containing biomass, as well as reducing the pressure of biomass waste disposal.

转化低值生物质资源中的磷和碳元素为过渡金属磷化物/生物炭（TMP/Biochar）复合材料是实现其综合利用并降低负面环境影响的途径之一。为高值利用生物质中的磷元素并明确生物质磷源对TMP转化的影响规律，本项目通过筛选富磷微生物作为模式生物质，利用环境因子调控微生物胞内磷累积和磷存在形式，继而缺氧热解转化富磷微生物为TMP/Biochar，并通过典型催化反应（光催化分解水制氢）评价TMP/Biochar的性能，从而建立低值生物质转化为TMP/Biochar的工艺流程，揭示磷在细胞内的存在形式对 TMP 结构、分布和性能的作用规律。本项目对“生物质磷源—过渡金属磷化物—光能转化”之间作用关系的研究能够为含磷低值生物质资源的高值转化、综合利用及减轻固体废弃物处理压力提供技术和理论指导。

将低值和废弃含磷生物质转化为过渡金属磷化物/生物炭复合材料（TMP/Biocarbon）是减轻其负面环境影响、提升其综合利用价值的有效途径之一。本项目以富磷微生物为含磷生物质代表，从富磷微生物的筛选培养入手，通过简易地调控工业微生物产朊假丝酵母的培养条件实现了磷元素在微生物胞内的富集；通过金属离子在细胞表面预负载-缺氧热解转化成功制备了Co2P/Biocarbon和FexP/Biocarbon复合材料，TG-MS和TG-IR分析证实了热解过程中原位产生的还原性气体(CO, H2, CH4, PH3等)是TMP形成的关键；进一步的研究表明，普通含磷生物质，如面包酵母和米糠也可以作为生物质磷源用于Co2P、Ni2P、Fe2P等TMP制备，金属离子浸渍-热解和固体原料球磨-热解技术能够进一步简化TMP/Biocarbon制备工艺流程，熔融盐辅助热解技术对生物炭结构调控（孔结构、杂原子掺杂、二维结构、石墨化等）有较明显的促进作用，细胞内含磷组分（例如核酸、ATP）对磷化钴、磷化镍的晶体结构有一定影响；TMP/Biocarbon催化剂在光催化、高级氧化和高级还原反应中表现出优异的性能，TMP的晶体形态和颗粒大小、生物炭孔结构和杂原子掺杂等均对催化反应有显著影响。本项目的研究和发现能够为含磷生物质的转化和利用提供有益参考。