花生主要经济性状的全基因组关联作图

In peanut molecular breeding, association mapping has recently gained popularity among plant geneticists to substitute the low efficient linkage mapping, since association mapping possesses a variety of advantages such as less time spending, covering a wider range of traits and alleles, and with higher precision etc. In this study, the genetic diversity of 416 peanut landraces from south China was analyzed and 120 varieties with no population structure were chosen for association mapping. And based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) pattern of the mapping population, 912 SSR markers were used to perform genome-scanning of the individual varieties. The markers related to the major economic traits and corresponding elite alleles with breeding value will then be identified for potential application. Upon completion, this research project will lay the foundation for peanut QTL cloning and marker-assisted breeding. In addition, it will provide a theoretical basis for efficient using of the peanut landraces in south China.

连锁作图在花生基因定位中存在效率低的缺点，采用新的基因定位策略成为花生分子育种研究的当务之急。关联作图具有花费时间少、检测范围大（性状和等位基因）、定位精度高的优点，是当前国际植物基因组学研究的热点。本研究通过分析416个南方花生地方品种的遗传多样性，从中挑选120个无群体结构的品种组成作图群体。随后在明确作图群体连锁不平衡（LD）模式的基础上，利用912个SSR标记对其进行全基因组扫描，通过关联作图寻找与经济性状密切相关的标记，挖掘具有潜在育种价值的优异等位变异。本项目的开展为后续花生QTL克隆和标记辅助选择奠定基础,同时也为南方花生地方品种资源的有效利用提供科学依据。

连锁作图在花生基因定位中存在效率低的缺点，采用新的基因定位策略成为花生分子育种研究的当务之急。关联作图具有花费时间少、检测范围大（性状和等位基因）、定位精度高的优点，是当前国际植物基因组学研究的热点。本研究通过分析416个南方花生地方品种的遗传多样性和群体结构，从中挑选120个无群体结构的品种组成关联作图群体。随后在明确作图群体连锁不平衡（LD）模式的基础上，利用SSR标记对其进行全基因组扫描，通过关联作图获得与经济性状相关的标记170个，其中表型方差大于20%的标记有41个。最后从9个品种中挖掘16个与花生产量、品质性状高度相关的优异等位变异，这些等位变异可用于花生分子辅助育种。. 本项目共发表研究论文11篇，其中被SCI收录6篇。申请发明专利3项，获2016年度中国作物科技奖1项，大北农科技成果二等奖1项。