基于国家重点保护物种的云南县域保护优先区研究

In China, county-level governments are the major management bodies of the Protected Areas (PAs) and the basic receivers of conservation resources. The identification of complementary county priority areas with analyses of their conservation gaps can provide direct basis to optimize regional PAs (usually established based on natural biogeographic units) network and prioritize the allocation of the limited conservation resources. Yunnan province, southwest China, is one of the most diverse and unique biodiversity regions on earth. The conservation of Yunnan biodiversity is very important for regional, national and global eco-security. Presently, the established Yunnan PAs, including all nature reserves and other kinds, had nearly covered 10% of the provincial total area. But some recent studies clearly revealed the established Yunnan PAs only represents the limited part of Yunnan's biodiversity. It's very urgent to optimize present Yunnan PAs through identifying the complementary priority areas. Through systematical collection of the recorded distribution data of National Protected Wild Species (NPWS) in each county (county-level city or city-governed district) of Yunnan, this study will first construct the county distribution database of NPWS and examine the county distribution characteristics of NPWS in Yunnan. Methods of conservation biology will be used to identify the complementary county priority areas in Yunnan. The maps of Global 200 ecoregions and Hotspots regions (global scale), China key (or priority) regions for terrestrial botanical diversity and biodiversity conservation (national scale), and Yunnan newly planned priority regions for biodiversity conservation (provincial scale) will be used to examine the spatial linkage of the identified complementary county priority areas at these three scales. The study will also explore the representativeness of the identified complementary county priority areas for the typical Yunnan's biogeographical units, which are determined by using the Yunnan Vegetation Map and Landform Map. Furthermore, human-used land area coverage, population density and GDP per capita will be used to analyze the human disturbance intensity of the identified complementary county priority areas. Based on the analyses of spatial linkage, representativeness and human disturbance intensity, the study will sort out suitable county priority areas. Then, the study will examine the conservation gaps of the established Yunnan PAs and Yunnan newly planned priority regions for biodiversity conservation with the identified suitable county priority areas, and the gaps of the identified suitable county priority areas with the established Yunnan PAs. Based on above-mentioned studies, theory of systematic conservation planning will be applied to improve the present Yunnan PAs system and propose the optimization strategy.

县级行政单元是我国生物多样性保护地的管理主体和保护资源的配置受体，识别具有互补性的县域保护优先区可为区域保护地网络优化和保护资源优先配置提供直接依据。云南生物多样性保护极为重要，但近期研究表明，已建云南保护地仅能保护云南生物多样性极为有限的部分，存在明显的空缺，识别具有互补性的保护优先区、优化已有保护地网络成为云南生物多样性保护的当务之急。本研究将系统收集已调查记录的云南国家重点保护动植物物种的分布信息，构建县域单元的国家重点保护动植物物种的空间分布数据库，分析国家重点保护动植物物种在云南县域单元的分布格局；应用保护生物学理论和方法筛选具有互补性的云南县域保护优先区，并对其合理性开展多模式判识，进而确定适宜的云南县域保护优先区。分析已建保护地、新规划的保护优先二级区、适宜的县域保护优先区的保护现状和空缺；在此基础上，应用系统保护规划理论，提出云南保护地网络优化相关策略。

建立保护地是减少生物多样性损失的有效途径，但是由于保护地体系缺乏系统保护规划而导致保护效率较低，需要进一步优化。识别保护优先区可为区域保护地体系优化和保护资源优先配置提供直接依据。云南生物多样性保护极为重要但存在保护空缺，识别保护优先区、优化已有保护地体系成为云南生物多样性保护的当务之急。本研究将系统收集已调查记录的云南国家重点保护动植物物种的分布信息，构建县域单元的保护物种的空间分布数据库，分析保护动植物物种在空间分布特征；基于保护生物学理论和系统保护规划方法，运用Dobson筛选算法、Marxan模型，结合人为压力分析，识别具有不同空间尺度（县域单元、规划单元、地理单元）的保护优先区，并对其合理性开展多模式判识，进行保护空缺分析，进而在宏观和中观尺度提出云南保护地体系优化相关策略。主要结果：（1）云南省国家重点保护野生动物和植物的物种多样性分布格局有差异；总的保护物种丰富度较高区域为滇西北、滇西、滇西南、滇南到滇东南的沿边境地带，呈半环分布。（2）基于保护植物识别的植物保护优先区比基于保护动物识别的动物保护优先区具有更高的总物种保护效率，但两者无法替代。（3）本研究识别的各类优先区，其宏观空间分布格局能很好地表征云南省生物多样性的空间分布特征，并与分布在云南的全球、国家和省级层面的优先区或保护热点区域有很好的空间关联性。（4）气候异质性是解释保护区生物多样性分布最重要的机制，年降水异质性/冷季降水异质性以及年温差异质性/降水变异系数异质性可以分别运用到基于环境异质性云南省生物多样性保护优先区识别工作中。（5）保护空缺主要分布在滇西北最北部、澜沧江干暖河谷以及梅里雪山-碧罗雪山寒温性针叶林区，需对这些区域的保护地体系进行优化。（6）将生物多样性和相关环境信息、行政单元和生物地理单元相结合，自上而下实现宏观和中观两个尺度优化保护地体系是探索区域生物多样性保护地优化的重要发展方向。