身管武器能量可调同步气体振动控制机理研究

Aiming at the common problem that firing accuracy is affected by severe vibration of the conventional weapon during firing, the fundamental research on the synchronous control mechanism of gun barrel vibration utilizing gas power with adjustable energy are developed. The multi-field coupling mechanism of the flow of the high-temperature and high-pressure powder gas, the motion of projectile, the recoil movement and the deformed of barrel will be studied, and the full nonlinear of a non-uniform cross-section barrel will be established considering the influence of elastic support. Combining the experiments and the theoretical analysis, the synchronous control mechanism of gun barrel vibration by the synchronous control device utilizing gas power with adjustable energy will be explored, and the vibration model of barrel considering the transient flow of powder gas in the barrel and the synchronous gas control device will be built. Moreover the law of influence of the synchronous gas control device such as the installation position, the flow channel type, the number and the size of the guide hole on the barrel vibration and the initial disturbance of projectile will be investigated, and the method that is simple, practical and efficient for the synchronous control of gun barrel vibration. will be established. The experimental apparatus of synchronous control for gun barrel vibration will be developed and be combined the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation to verify the effectiveness of the method of synchronous vibration control for barrel vibration utilizing gas power with adjustable energy. The project results can provide a theoretical support to active vibration control on barrel weapon, and have an important value to improve firing accuracy of our guns barrel weapon at a low cost.

针对常规枪炮身管武器射击时剧烈振动影响射击精度这一共性问题，开展身管武器能量可调同步气体振动控制机理的基础研究。研究身管武器射击过程中高温高压火药气体流动、弹丸运动、身管后坐运动和身管柔性变形之间的多场耦合机理，考虑身管弹性支撑的影响建立非均匀截面身管的完整非线性振动模型；结合实验和理论分析，探索能量可调同步气体控制装置对身管武器振动的同步控制机理，建立考虑火药气体在身管和同步气体控制装置内瞬态流动的身管振动模型，研究能量可调同步气体控制装置（包括安装位置、导气孔流道形式和数目、导气孔大小）对身管振动和弹丸初始扰动的影响规律，建立身管武器简洁、实用和高效的能量可调同步振动控制的方法；研制能量可调同步气体控制实验装置，结合理论分析和数值仿真开展实验研究，验证同步气体振动控制方法的有效性。项目成果能为身管武器振动主动控制提供理论支撑，对低成本提高我国枪炮身管武器射击精度具有重要价值。

本项目主要针对常规枪炮身管武器射击时剧烈振动影响射击精度这一共性问题，开展身管武器能量可调同步气体振动控制机理的基础研究。.1）建立了考虑弹丸运动、高压火药气体流动和身管运动的带移动质量的、轴向移动悬臂梁动力学模型，并利用幂级数函数良好的积分与微分性能，选取幂级数函数构造试函数对轴向移动系统动力问题进行求解，大大缩短了轴向移动梁从建模到动力学分析的时间，对于轴向移动悬臂梁的研究具有较大的理论价值。分析了梁轴向往复运动频率对横向振动的影响，为身管武器的振动控制研究奠定了基础。.2）提出了利用膛内高温高压火药气体的能量进行身管武器同步振动控制方法。通过比较3种喷管结构对机枪系统射击精度的改善效果，发现喷管以力矩形式作用于枪管时，弹头出膛口瞬时高低方向位移、射角、速度扰动波动小，射向一致性高，可有效提高射击精度。该方法不但能简洁、实用和低成本提高我国常规枪炮武器的射击精度，而且能为其在车辆、飞机等其它运载平台上的可靠搭载提供技术保障，具有实际的应有前景。.3）提出了应用于高射频转管武器的力偶式同步振动控制方法。结合考虑热散失的内弹道方程以及超音速气体流动方程，对安装有力偶式气体稳定装置的三脚架支承转管机枪系统进行了刚柔耦合发射动力学建模和仿真，该装置能抑制转管机枪连发振动，为高射频转管武器连发振动控制提供了新思路。.4）提出了网格变形、Plackett-Burman试验设计、多目标优化相结合的提高枪架刚度方法。该方法不但有较高的精度，而且能提高多目标优化效率，同样适用于其它机械结构设计，具有较好的应用前景。.5）提出了一种将瞬态动力学与模态分析技术相结合进行枪管结构形貌优化的提高机枪系统射击精度方法，对射击精度提升效果明显，可为同类武器结构设计提供参考。