基于插层纳米复合材料和核酸适体电化学传感器的构建及高灵敏环境激素分析

Long-term exposure and low concentration is the bottleneck problem of environmental hormone analysis in complex matrix. It is necessary to establish rapid, specific-recognition and high sensitive-detection methods for environmental hormones. Recently, intercalated nanocomposite attracted much attention for its special electrical, catalysis, and adsorption properties resulted from the lamellar structure. This project aims to synthesis of novel intercalated nanocomposites with conductive polymer, organic dye, metal nanoparticle as the guest and transition metal sulfides (such as MoS2, WS2) as the host. The novel electrochemical sensors are constructed based on the intercalated nanocomposite and aptamer, which is specific for the recognition of target substance. The signal amplification technologies including substrate amplification, nucleic acid molecular in vitro amplification, label enzyme catalyzed substrate amplification, and inorganic nanoparticles catalyzed amplification are used to develop sensitive electrochemical method for environmental hormones determination. The methods are applied to rapidly and selectively detect low-concentration environmental hormones residue in water or food samples. Low-cost, sensitive and good-repeatability analysis system is constructed based on intercalated nanocomposite-aptamer-electrochemical determination. It will provide new methods and technologies for toxicological analysis and assessment of the environmental hormones.

复杂基质中低浓度长期暴露效应是环境激素分析的瓶颈问题，亟需建立能实现快速、特异性识别和高灵敏检测的分析方法。近来插层纳米复合材料因独特的片层结构所带来的特殊电学、催化、吸附等性能而备受关注。本课题拟以导电聚合物、有机染料、纳米金属颗粒等为客体，以过渡金属二硫化物（如MoS2、WS2等）为主体制备新型插层纳米复合材料，结合核酸适体对靶物质的特异性识别，构建新型的电化学传感器。采用底物放大、核酸分子体外扩增、标记酶催化底物放大、无机纳米粒子催化放大等电化学信号放大技术，建立环境激素高灵敏的电化学检测方法，解决水样或食品等实际样品中低浓度环境激素残留的选择性快速分析问题。构建低成本、灵敏度和重现性好的基于插层纳米复合材料-核酸适体-电化学检测的分析系统，为环境激素的毒理分析和检测评估提供新技术和新方法。

复杂基质中低浓度长期暴露效应是环境激素分析的瓶颈问题，亟需建立能实现快速、特异性识别和高灵敏检测的分析方法。近来二维过渡金属硫属化合物因独特的片层结构所带来的特殊电学、催化、吸附等性能而备受关注。本项目开展了包括二硫化钼、二硫化钨、二硫化钒、二硒化钼、硫化铜等过渡金属硫族化合物及其与石墨烯、碳纳米管、乙炔黑、碳凝胶等的纳米复合物的制备工作，对其结构及组成进行了详细表征；基于新型过渡金属硫属化合物构建了电化学传感平台，结合核酸适体、DNA互补链等对靶分子的特异性识别和生物放大技术如杂交链式反应、核酸外切酶等，构建了高灵敏的电化学生物传感器，成功用于实际样品如水样、血样等中双酚A和17β-雌二醇等低浓度的环境激素分析；同时基于新型电化学传感器还开展了建立包括蛋白质、特定DNA序列和MicroRNA等的生物活性分子超灵敏检测新方法的工作；此外，还将所制备的新型过渡金属硫属化合物进一步拓展到超级电容器的应用，也取得了良好的研究成果。在本项目的支持下，已发表SCI论文37篇，其中一区论文22篇，二区论文9篇。授权国家发明专利4项，公开国家发明专利5项，培养研究生10名，青年教师3名，本科生10多名，圆满地完成了预期目标。