As an early response to viral infection, mammalian cells produce type I interferon (IFN), mainly IFN-α and IFN-β, which repress virus replication directly as a key innate immune mechanism and also contribute to the subsequent adaptive immune responses. Dengue virus (DENV) represents one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne viruses infecting humans and currently a serious challenge to global public health. Taken together, these observations suggest that DENV is able to antagonize the anti-viral IFN system in order to propagate in host cells. By and large, the above mentioned previous studies have been mainly focused on the effects of DENV on the downstream anti-viral signaling of IFN, leaving the molecular mechanism underlying the suppression of IFN production by DENV largely unexplored and poorly understood. Since magnitude of DENV replication is believed to be one of the major determinant factors of the pathogenesis of severe dengue diseases, revealing how DENV evades the host innate immunity is important for better understanding this devastating disease. One strategy that DENV employs to subvert innate immunity is to block some unknown cellular targets involved in suppressing type I interferon (IFN-I) production. In this study, we found that DENV could upregulated the ring finger protein 215 (RNF215) or EZFIT, and revealed that the interactive target of RNF215 or EZFIT was the ETS-related transcription factor 4 (ELF4) that activated NF-κB and IFN regulatory factor 3/7 to induce IFN-I. Strikingly, RNF215 was found to physically co-localize and interact with ELF4. We further demonstrated that ELF4 was associated with the ELF4 and thus prevented the binding of ELF4 to p65 or IRF3/7. Such an interaction abrogated IFN production via repressed RIG-I-induced p65 and IRF3 activation. Collectively, our findings illustrated a new molecular mechanism via which DENV evades host immune system through the inhibiting ELF4-mediated IFN production.
宿主天然免疫尤其干扰素系统是抵抗病毒入侵的第一道防线。近年来有研究发现登革热患者中出现干扰素拮抗现象,但是目前关于登革病毒拮抗干扰素产生最上游通路的分子机制并不清楚。本申请人近年来主要致力于干扰素通路关键因子在登革感染过程中的功能及机理研究。我们前期研究通过高通量筛选出登革病毒诱导上调的干扰素RLR通路的负调控因子,其中有一系列锌指蛋白效应较强。本课题通过深入研究拟揭示登革病毒通过上调RLR通路负调控因子锌指蛋白而介导I型干扰素拮抗的分子机制:RNF215或EZFIT在登革病毒感染过程中上调,进而阻断ELF4-p65或ELF4-IRF3/7或p65-IRF3/7复合物,最终抑制IFN-I蛋白表达。本研究将系统性阐明登革病毒通过上调宿主干扰素负调控因子来逃逸天然免疫的分子机制,通过回答上述科学问题,从病毒与宿主互作角度,为揭示登革热或重症登革热的可能致病机制,以及登革疫苗与治疗药物的研发提供理论依据。
宿主天然免疫尤其干扰素系统是抵抗病毒入侵的第一道防线。近年来有研究发现登革热患者中频繁出现宿主干扰素拮抗现象,同时干扰素通路阻断也可能是登革重症的可能发生机制之一,但是目前关于登革病毒拮抗干扰素产生的最上游通路的分子机制并不清楚。本研究发现登革病毒可显著上调宿主一种锌指蛋白EZFIT,并阐明了EZFIT具有负调节I型干扰素及炎症细胞因子产生的生物学功能,在RLRs介导的天然免疫应答中发挥负调控作用。本研究通过IFN-β启动子基因报告系统、实时荧光定量PCR、免疫印迹以及酶联免疫吸附分析等一系列实验表明,过表达锌指蛋白EZFIT能够显著抑制干扰素诱发剂所介导的抑制I型干扰素和NF-κB下游炎症细胞因子的表达。而下调EZFIT的表达则呈现相反的作用,提示EZFIT具有负调控RLRs所介导的I型干扰素以及炎症细胞因子产生的生物学功能。免疫荧光染色实验证明SeV感染能够诱导锌指蛋白EZFIT与转录因子NF-κB以及ELF4在细胞核内共定位。体内/体外免疫共沉淀以及表面等离子共振实验发现EZFIT与p65以及ELF4之间存在直接的且特异性的相互作用。进一步染色体免疫共沉淀实验发现,EZFIT能够抑制SeV感染所介导NF-κB和ELF4在IFNB1启动子的富集,由此证明了EZFIT在细胞核内能够同时靶向RLRs通路中两个重要的转录因子NF-κB和ELF4,竞争性的阻断了它们与下游靶基因启动子的结合,进而抑制了I型干扰素及炎症细胞因子的产生。VSV-GFP荧光观察实验发现,过表达EZFIT能够显著促进VSV-GFP病毒的复制,而下调EZFIT的表达则抑制VSV-GFP的复制。由此证明EZFIT能够负调控细胞的抗病毒免疫应答。.综上所述,本论文提出锌指蛋白EZFIT具有负调控I型干扰素信号通路的新的生物学功能及其分子机制,并提示EZFIT可以作为研发药物的靶点以控制登革病毒重症感染或过度的天然免疫应答所诱发的自身免疫性疾病。通过对登革病毒免疫逃避机制研究的全面揭示,有助于将来针对登革病毒拮抗干扰素作用的抗登革药物的研发,以及从干扰素拮抗角度为登革疫苗的研究提供新方向。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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