超高压水射流粉碎废旧轮胎制取精细胶粉理论基础研究

With the rapid development of automobile industry, China's storage of End-of-Life(EOL) tyres is increasing year by year. How to dispose the huge number of EOL tyres which are also called as the "Black Pollution" has become a world focus. The predominant orientation of green recycling and utilizing EOL tyres is to grind that into crumb rubber. At present, the main problem in this field is how to balance crumb rubber quality and production cost. By comparison with traditional grinding methods, ultra high pressure water jet grinding is a novel technology that can better solve this problem. However, there exists little research on mechanism and key technology of grinding EOL tyres with ultra high pressure water jet. In order to obtain the theories and key technology of environmentally and efficiently producing fine crumb rubber to recycle EOL tyres with the utilization of ultra high pressure water jet, the mechanisms of water jet smashing and characteristics of produced crumb rubber have been studied, the separation mechanisms of rubber and steel in EOL tyres has been analyzed，the technical principle of smashing EOL tyres and get fine crumb rubber utilizing ultra high pressure water jet has been proposed. The research results establish theoretical basis in fine crumb rubber manufacture field utilizing ultra high pressure water jet, and also provide theoretical and technological support for environmental EOL tyres recycle.

伴随汽车工业的飞速发展，中国囤积的废旧轮胎数量日益增多。废旧轮胎被称为"黑色污染"，其妥善治理技术已成为一个世界难题。将废旧轮胎制成胶粉是废旧轮胎绿色回收利用的主导方向，目前胶粉工业面临的主要难题是如何兼顾胶粉质量与生产成本的问题。相比传统粉碎方式，水射流粉碎可以很好的解决这一难题，但是对于水射流粉碎废旧轮胎的机理与关键技术研究还很缺乏。本项目以废旧轮胎的回收利用为研究对象，以超高压水射流粉碎废旧轮胎制取精细胶粉为主线，以水射流粉碎特性和胶粉物性为切入点，以提出基于水射流技术的环保节能精细胶粉制取理论与关键技术为目标，系统研究水射流回收废旧轮胎制取胶粉过程中的粉碎机理，分析水射流作用下轮胎橡胶-钢丝体系的分离机制，提出超高压水射流粉碎废旧轮胎与制取胶粉一体化的技术原理，为超高压水射流技术在精细胶粉制作领域的应用奠定基础，为废旧轮胎的绿色环保回收提供理论与技术支撑。

胶粉制作是废旧轮胎橡胶资源化回收利用的主导方向。利用超高压水射流粉碎橡胶可以充分利用射流的冷态加工、粉碎去除与钢丝层自动分离的技术优势，能够有效解决传统机械粉碎无法兼顾胶粉质量与生产成本的问题。本项目以水射流粉碎特性和胶粉物性为切入点，提出了超高压水射流精细粉碎废旧轮胎的完整工艺；研究了轮胎橡胶在超高压水射流高速冲击作用下的受力状态与典型失效模式，建立了基于应变能失效准则的橡胶本构模型；系统分析了射流粉碎产生胶粉的理化性质与结构变化，探究了射流参数对胶粉性质的影响规律，并对射流精细粉碎工艺参数进行了多重响应优化；基于橡胶在射流冲击下的失效模式与胶粉脱硫程度，揭示了水射流精细粉碎中的力化学脱硫效应及其机理；对比研究了射流粉碎胶粉在工程材料改性中的表现，全面评估了射流粉碎胶粉的再利用性能。研究成果为超高压水射流精细粉碎在胶粉制作领域的应用奠定理论基础，为废旧轮胎的资源化环保回收提供技术支撑。