基于相位群特征和相位检测边沿效应的亚皮秒级相位差测量技术研究

High precision phase difference measurement and phase synchronization techniques are the important foundation of metrology testing, navigation, communications, aerospace and other fields. The precision of counting based measurement methods is greatly influenced by filling frequency and counting error, the traditional phase processing is limited to the same frequency signal processing, and Double Mixing Time Difference method has a large long-term drift. This project focuses on the phase group characteristics of phase comparison between two different frequency signals, reveals the phase group synchronization within and phase quantization step between phase difference groups whose period is the least common multiple period, probes into the low trigger error phase coincidence detection principle between different frequency signals, analyzes the edge feature of the phase coincidence detection fuzzy area, discusses the application of edge effect in high precision frequency measurement and control. Based on the above principle, a common frequency signal is introduced into the phase comparison between two same frequency signals, then the measurement gate is generated from the phase group synchronization points detected by phase coincidence detection, finally the software algorithms and hardware circuits based on the edge effect of phase coincidence detection fuzzy area are adopted to compensate phase synchronization error correction, and the project achieves the subpicosecond level phase difference measurement. Without frequency conversion, the method reduces the synchronization error, and can be popularized into the high resolution time and frequency measurement and control in a wide frequency range; Exposition of the edge effect is instructive in solving the contradictions between the device detecting resolution limitation and high measurement resolution demand.

高精度相位差测量和相位同步技术是测试计量、导航通讯、航空航天等领域的重要基础。基于计数的测量方法精度受填充频率和计数误差影响较大，传统相位处理局限于同频信号处理，双混频时差法长期漂移大。本项目旨在研究异频信号间相位比对的相位群特征，揭示以最小公倍数周期为群的群间相位差变化的相位群同步和群内相位差变化的相位量化步进，探讨低触发误差的异频信号相位重合检测原理，分析相位重合检测模糊区的边沿特征，讨论边沿效应在高精密时频测控中的应用。基于上述原理，在两个同频比相信号间引入中介频率，由相位重合检测得到的相位群同步点构成测量闸门，利用相位重合检测模糊区边沿效应，结合软硬件电路对相位同步误差补偿修正，实现亚皮秒级的相位差测量。该方法无需频率变换，减小了同步误差，在宽频带内实现高分辨率的时间频率测量和控制；边沿效应的揭示在解决更广范围的器件检测分辨率不足和高的测量分辨率需求间的矛盾具有启发意义。

高分辨率相位差测量和相位同步技术是时频测控的关键技术，普遍应用于测试计量、电力通讯、授时定位、导航测距、航空航天、遥感遥测等领域，影响着相关领域的科技进步和产业发展，关系着国计民生和国防安全。随着频标源精度的提高及其相关技术的进步，对时频测控精度提出了更高的要求，对时频测控理论和方法提出了新的挑战，研究高精度时频测控新理论和新技术具有重要的科研价值和社会意义。.本项目针对传统的相位差测量和相位同步检测技术中存在着的各自不同程度的缺陷和传统相位处理只能局限于同频信号的问题，在深入分析宽频率范围内的异频信号相位比对中以最小公倍数周期为群所体现出的相位群同步和相位量化步进等特征的基础上，提出了基于中介频率源和相位群特征的高分辨率相位差测量方法，该方法在两同频比相信号间引入异频中介频率源，利用中介频率源和被测及参考频率源的相位重合点作为测量门时的起止信号，有效地削弱了计数误差，合理选取中介频率源可以进一步提高测量精度；同时，通过低触发误差的相位重合检测和相位重合检测边沿效应对相位同步检测误差进行修正，实现了接近皮秒量级的相位差测量分辨率。基于本项目的研究成果，课题组发表了5篇学术论文，授权发明专利1项，获省部级二等奖1项，后继成果将陆续产出。.基于异频相位群特征和相位检测边沿效应的相位比对技术，可以显著提高相位同步检测的精度，并可广泛应用于宽频率范围的高精度频标比对、相位噪声、瞬态稳定度、频率链接等相关时频量的测量以及自然界周期性运动现象的规律性解释等。异频相位群处理技术摆脱了传统同频相位处理的局限，拓展了相位处理的频带范围，简化了时频处理链路结构，可以实现高精度、高分辨率、快响应的时间频率及相关量的测量。更为重要的是，相位检测边沿效应现象的揭示，不仅可提高时频测控的精度，而且在解决更广范围的器件检测分辨率不足和高的测量分辨率需求间的矛盾具有启发意义，这将是后继研究的关键技术问题。