综掘工作面截割区域多级泡沫分区捕尘机理基础研究

Aimed at the problem that the mechanism of comprehensive mechanized working face dust partition pollution, foam-dust coupling principle and the foaming performance of multiple-factors comprehensive affects quantitative mechanism are all not clear, which leading to the problem of poor efficiency of the technology of dust control by foam. Combined with the research methods of numerical simulation, experimental research and theoretical analysis, first, by the dust physical characteristic parameters experiment and the dispersion law of dust pollution numerical simulation, obtain the mechanism of dust partition pollution; And then through the measurement of foam film parameters and the experiment of the coupling sedimentation of foam-dust particles,obtain the foam-dust coupling principle and the optimal coupling equation of foam-dust based on macroscopic parameters. By the experiment on the influence of foam foaming performance, the factors that influence foaming properties will be clear and a comprehensive influence mechanism of foam foaming performance based on multiple-factor will be established. At last, combined the mechanism of comprehensive mechanized working face dust partition pollution, foam-dust coupling principle and the foaming performance of multiple-factors comprehensive affects quantitative mechanism, the mechanism of multiple-stage foam zone trapping in the intersecting area of the comprehensive mechanized working face will be revealed and the multiple-stage foam zone precipitation mechanism based on multiple-stage dust partition will be established which can provide basic theory basis on the improvement of the dust removal efficiency of the technology of dust control by foam.

针对目前泡沫降尘技术中存在的综掘面粉尘分区污染机制、泡沫-粉尘耦合沉降规律以及泡沫发泡性能多因素综合影响量化机制不明确导致泡沫降尘效率欠佳的问题，本项目拟采用数值模拟、实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法，首先，通过综掘面截割区域粉尘物理特性参数测定实验和粉尘污染弥散规律数值模拟得出综掘面截割区域粉尘分区污染机制；其次，通过泡沫膜体参数测定实验和泡沫-粉尘颗粒耦合沉降实验得出泡沫-粉尘耦合作用规律，提出基于宏细观参数的泡沫-粉尘最佳耦合方程；进而通过泡沫发泡性能影响规律实验明确影响泡沫发泡性能的因素及影响规律，并建立基于多因素的泡沫发泡性能综合影响机制；最终，结合综掘面截割区域粉尘分区污染机制、泡沫-粉尘耦合作用规律、泡沫发泡性能多因素综合影响量化机制，揭示综掘面截割区域多级泡沫分区捕尘机理，建立基于多级粉尘分区的多级泡沫分区降尘机制，为提高泡沫降尘技术的降尘效率提供基础理论依据。

本课题针对目前泡沫降尘技术中存在的综掘面粉尘分区污染机制、泡沫-粉尘耦合沉降规律以及泡沫发泡性能多因素综合影响量化机制不明确导致泡沫降尘效率欠佳的问题。对综掘面截割区域粉尘物理特性参数进行了测定，得出了截割区域粉尘分区粒度分布，采用数值模拟软件模拟了截割区域粉尘运移分布情况，从而阐明了综掘面截割区域粉尘分区污染机制；对泡沫与粉尘耦合前后膜体特性参数变化情况进行追踪扫描，明确了泡沫-粉尘颗粒耦合作用过程并拟合得出了粒度耦合作用方程，揭示了泡沫-粉尘耦合沉降规律；测定分析了发泡剂分子碳链结构、发泡剂溶液剪切粘度、发泡器结构及工作参数等对泡沫发泡性能影响规律，得出了泡沫发泡性能多因素综合影响量化机制；最终结合综掘面截割区域粉尘分区污染机制、泡沫-粉尘耦合作用规律、泡沫发泡性能多因素综合影响量化机制，建立了基于多级粉尘分区的多级泡沫分区降尘机制。通过上述研究得出：截割区域粉尘粒径以截割头为中心线，距离越近粉尘平均粒径越大，距离越远粉尘平均粒径越小；综掘机截割区域粉尘可以划分为原始产尘区和粉尘扩散区且两者均为圆台形状；扰动强度越大，泡沫粒径越小，通过泡沫-粉尘耦合沉降实验得出泡沫与其最佳捕获粉尘粒径之间的关系近似为D泡沫≈15D粉尘；发泡器产生的泡沫粒径主要与气液比有关，气液比不变则泡沫粒径不变，水流量越大，则泡沫粒径越大，气流量越大，则泡沫粒径越小；发泡剂分子中的脂甲基碳、芳甲基碳、亚甲基碳、季碳以及与N、O、S及卤族元素相连的甲基碳能促进发泡能力有促进作用，与N、O、S及卤族元素相连的次甲基碳、环内氧接脂碳、芳香碳、羧基碳、羰基碳对发泡能力有抑制作用；发泡剂溶液粘度在0.59pa.s~0.71pa.s时发泡效果最佳；泡沫最佳包覆粉尘区间为原始产尘区域，此时能实现泡沫量与降尘率的最优匹配。通过本课题的研究，能够合理的阐释综掘面截割区域多级泡沫分区捕尘机理，为提高泡沫降尘技术的降尘效率提供基础理论依据。