煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾变微震前兆辨识方法研究

The combined dynamic disasters of the deep gas-filled coal-rock is a new hazard mode which due to the coupling of rock burst and coal and gas outburst. The precursor of the micro rupture is a common essential characteristic of the coal-rock dynamic disasters and has MS activity. The project regards the common disaster-causing information which is monitored by MS/AE apparatus during failure process of gas-filled coal-rock as main thread. Firstly, in order to analyse MS/AE information of cataclysm-evolution of gas-filled coal-rock under dirfferent disaster-causing model, similar material model tests are made to simulate the typical disaster model generalization by using MS and AE monitoring system. Secondly, MS information of cataclysm-evolution of mining area with typical coupling dyanmic disaster is monitored by MS monitoring system with across scales function. Thirdly, using statistical probability model to describe MS characteristic of typical disaster-causing models. Lastly, according to all kinds of disaster-causing factors and monitoring indexes, MS parameters characterization method is proposed to describe the cataclysm-evolution process of gas-filled coal-rock under coupling dynamic; based on MS precursory information, the unified forecast model with multy parameters is established; so advanced identification and prediction system will be formed effectively in the end. The project has great basis and theoretical significance for improving the coupling dynamic disaster mitigation and control ability in deep coal mining and ensuring safe mining of coal resources and the sustainable development for enterprises.

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害是深井开采面临的一种由冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出共同作用的新的灾害表现形式。微破裂前兆是煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾变过程显现的共性本质特征，具有微震活动性。项目以煤岩微破裂前兆微震活动性这一共性致灾信息为主线，首先，借助AE-win E1.86声发射仪和跨尺度ISS微震监测仪，进行典型致灾模式的煤岩类相似材料模型试验，分析不同致灾模式下煤岩类材料灾变过程声发射/微震信息；其次，现场采用跨尺度ISS微震设备监测典型采区煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾变过程的微震信息；再次，统计概化典型致灾模式下的微震特征；最后，综合各致灾因素和各监测指标，提出煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾变的微震参量表征方法，建立基于微震前兆信息的多参量统一预测模型，最终形成煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害超前辨识和预测体系。该研究成果对提高深井开采中复合型煤岩动力灾害的减灾和控灾能力，确保煤炭资源安全开采和企业可持续发展具有重要基础和理论意义。

煤岩动力灾害是深井开采面临的一种由冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出共同作用的灾害表现形式。微破裂前兆是煤岩瓦斯动力灾害发生的共性本质特征，具有微震/声发射活动性。项目借助自行研制的含瓦斯煤岩力学实验装置和大型微震监测设备，在实验室和现场进行了煤岩瓦斯灾变过程微震前兆辨识方法研究工作。取得的主要研究成果如下：.1）从平顶山矿区区域构造特征和应力环境分析入手，对平煤矿区动力灾害特征进行了分析和分类，得出复合动力灾害致灾原因为地质构造、瓦斯作用、大埋深高地应力和采动应力共同作用；据此将复合动力灾害划分为4种主要类型：I-突出型、II-冲突复合型、III-突冲复合型和IV-冲击型。.2）对含瓦斯煤岩实验装置进行了改进，测试了不同条件下煤样失稳过程声发射信号特征，运用小波分析、多重分形理论等工具，将灾变过程各阶段的声发射/微震信息转化成定量指标，探索性给出复合动力因素下煤岩类相似材料模型失稳声发射/微震前兆辨识方法。.3）对监测工作面采用优化台网布置和各微震信号辨识，得到了有瓦斯参与情况下煤层、顶底板岩层各动力显现点破裂位置、能量大小，并辨识出煤岩体的破裂机制；根据监测区域的采区及工作面参数、矿山压力监测数据、瓦斯参数和海量微震信息，运用多参量综合分析方法，形成较大动力显现的多参量微震信号辨识方法；根据微震信号辨识结果，划分了各动力灾害的类型（顶底板冲击型、突出型、周期来压型等）。.4）以复合动力灾变微震/声发射前兆特征为主线，研究了煤岩体失稳过程应力应变、声发射/微震特征及其失稳前兆表征，构建了以微震/声发射前兆信息为主导的多参量复合动力灾变损伤预测模型。.5）本项目共发表期刊论文19篇，SCI/EI 收录4篇，申请专利2项，授权专利3项，培养硕士研究生6人。.该研究成果对提高深井开采中复合型煤岩动力灾害的减灾和控灾能力，确保煤炭资源安全开采和企业可持续发展具有重要基础和理论意义。