大形变梯度条件下时序TCP-InSAR监测矿区动态沉陷关键问题研究

The main problem for time series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to be used to monitor the land subsidence with large deformation gradient in mining area is that the key model of which does not satisfy with the non-linear characteristic of mining subsidence. Therefore, combining the Temporarily-coherent Point InSAR (TCP-InSAR) with the prior knowledge of mining subsidence, the resolve method of monitoring land subsidence above goaf by TCP-InSAR technique is researched. The main research contents are as follows: (1) The ability and problems of monitoring mining subsidence by TCP-InSAR will be analyzed; (2) The non-linear deformation model of time series TCP-InSAR based on mining dynamic predicting function will be derived and established, and in order to make the deformation model fit with the mining engineering application, the mean subsidence velocity will not be used as a parameter in the new model; (3) A fusion method of combination between the time series TCP-InSAR and pixel offset tracking algorithm is proposed, in which the arcs with the phase ambiguities ( the phase difference between two points of an arc is larger than 1 whole cycles ) deleted in the initial TCP-InSAR method are processed in the new model to persist the TCP points with large deformation gradient; (4) Finally, a method and estimation system of mining subsidence monitoring will be established by a combination of the theories and algorithms studied in this project. The successful implementation of this project will resolve the bottleneck problem that using SAR technique to monitor mining subsidence with large deformation gradient. Therefore, the contents studied in this project have important theoretical and practical significance.

针对时序InSAR解算模型不符合开采沉陷非线性特征，难以正确解算大形变梯度条件下矿区动态沉降的问题，项目将部分时间相干点InSAR(TCP-InSAR)与开采沉陷理论相结合，系统研究TCP-InSAR提取矿区地表动态变形的方法。包括：（1）时序TCP-InSAR监测矿区开采沉陷的能力及问题；（2）推导并构建基于开采沉陷动态预计函数的时序TCP-InSAR非线性形变模型，改变以平均下沉速率为解算参数的方式，使形变模型更符合矿区工程应用实际；（3）提出时序TCP-InSAR和像元偏移跟踪算法的融合方法，使TCP-InSAR原方法中需删除的含有相位模糊的弧段（弧段上两点相位差大于1个整周）能够纳入模型联合解算，保留具有大变形梯度的TCP点；（4）系统分析上述模型和方法，建立矿区动态沉陷监测方法及评价体系。项目的成功实施有望解决InSAR监测矿区地表大形变存在的问题，具有重要的理论和实际意义。

针对我国矿山塌陷地量大面广，而时序InSAR在矿区大梯度地表形变监测时存在相位解缠困难、量级偏小等诸多问题，引入TCPInSAR、偏移量跟踪、开采沉陷预测模型，重点研究面向矿区大梯度形变监测的InSAR解算方法。具体研究工作包括：（1）构建了融合时序InSAR和概率积分模型的矿区地表动态沉降监测方法，该法利用动态沉陷预计模型去除大梯度形变趋势相位，采用时序InSAR解算残余相位，提高形变监测量级和精度。（2）引入开采沉陷动态预计函数，构建了TCPInSAR非线性开采沉陷监测模型，解算结果更符合开采沉陷特征。（3）提出了一种基于局部自适应窗口的偏移跟踪提取方法，通过自适应变换窗口步长寻找SNR最大值，实现偏移量跟踪最优窗口的确定。（4）提出了概率积分模型与子带干涉融合的矿区地表大形变提取方法，提高了监测精度。（5）提出了矿区大梯度形变多技术融合提取方法，利用InSAR、子带干涉、偏移跟踪分别获取小、中、大量级地表形变，通过概率积分模型将三者融合获取矿区高精度形变场。（6）将概率积分模型预计的南北向地表形变与升降轨DInSAR结果相结合，发展了一种矿区地表三维形变解算方法。（7）根据开采沉陷的特征，提出一种具有普适性的矿区单轨InSAR三维形变监测方法。（8）提出了基于结构信息、空时自适应邻域比值的SAR影像变化检测方法，克服了单一数据源、单一方法的局限性，提高了变化检测的精度和自动化程度。项目执行期间发表标注项目号的期刊论文17篇（SCI检索14篇），出版专著1部，申请发明专利2项，获得测绘科技进步二等奖1项和中国煤炭工业协会科学技术三等奖2项，获批软件著作权2项。申请书中7名项目组成员科研能力得到了较好的提升，获批国家自然科学青年基金、江苏省自然科学青年基金各1项；2人晋升副教授职称，2人博士毕业，2人攻读博士学位，1人硕士毕业。项目研究实现了人才培养和成果产出的双丰收，达到了预期效果。