中国地区云垂直结构及其热动力特征的探空研究

Accurate knowledge of the cloud parameter is a key quantity in meteorological and climate studies; however, it is still not fine enough in climate model due to the limitation of observational method. Hence, on the basis of the popular ground-based and satellite-borne sensors, additional cloud retrieval approaches are desperately needed. . The conventional radiosonde data with the advantages of in situ measurements and high vertical resolutions can provide the detailed cloud information. This project will conduct the studies as follows: firstly, developing a universal parameterized cloud vertical structure retrieval method by using the various radiosonde data with different accuracy collected over the numerous stations in China; secondly, analyzing the climatic cloud vertical distributions derived from the radiosonde data over the sites, and evaluating the temporal and spatial representativeness of radiosonde retrievals by comparing them with the ground and satellite active remote sensing data; finally, investigating some radiosonde-based dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics associated with the cloud (including the temperature inversion of the cloud layer, upward flow within the cloud and convective parameters) over typical climate regimes. . The radiosonde measurement will be developed to be a mature and effective cloud retrieval approach. This can provide a new data resource for the weather and climate study, which has vital scientific significance for the development of the climate change research and weather forecast.

准确可靠的云参数是天气和气候研究领域的重要基础数据，由于观测手段限制，其在气候模式中描述还不够精细。因此，在拥有地基和卫星观测的同时，需积极发展其它云探测方式。. 常规探空数据具有实地测量和高垂直分辨率的优势，可以提供精细的云信息。本项目拟使用国内众多探空站点观测开展下列研究：首先，基于探测精度不同的多种国产探空仪观测资料发展具有普适性的探测云垂直结构的参数化方法；其次，基于探空资料研究站点区域云垂直结构气候态特征，并与地基和卫星主动遥感进行对比，定量评估探空观测云结果的时空代表性；最后，使用探空数据探究典型气候特征站点云的一些热动力参数特征，包括云层逆温、云内上升气流和对流参数。. 该项目的执行将使国内探空发展成为一种成熟有效的云探测手段，为天气气候相关研究提供新的观测手段和信息，对提升气候变化和天气预报具有重要的科学意义。

云垂直分布及其变化特征是天气和气候研究领域的重要内容，也是预测全球气候变化和评估气候模式中云反馈的一个重要不确定性因素，加强云底高度、云顶高度和云热动力特征等信息获取具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。本项目执行期间在国内典型区域开展了多期气象探空加强观测实验，基于第一手实验观测数据发展了气象探空检测云方法，开展典型区域云参数特征及其辐射效应研究。基于自主研发下投气象探空系统观测提取云垂直分布和大气垂直速度，并使用不同气候特征站点长期历史气象探空资料解析了云垂直结构、云顶逆温、对流层顶变化等气候统计特征。本项目的执行有助于提升气象探空资料检测云方法的适用性和实用性，使气象探空观测发展成为一种成熟有效的云探测手段，为云热动力学及相关天气气候研究提供了重要观测手段和信息。