温度梯度和电磁场作用下航天器介质材料充放电规律研究

The spacecraft will appear charging/discharging effect caused by the outer factors on its orbit; the charging/discharging effect will affect seriously the spacecraft’s running-safety and using-life. To the effects of temperature gradient and intense electromagnetic radiation caused by the outer illumination and radiation environment on the spacecraft’s dielectric materials charging/discharging effect, in this project, the action mechanism of on the spacecraft’s dielectric material charging will be studied, the relationship between the typical dielectric material’s conductivity and dialectic constant and temperature gradient will be gained, and the testing method and testing technique for the dielectric charging/discharging effect under the temperature gradient distributing will be researched. Through the ground experiment and emulating analysis, the acting rule of dielectric charging/discharging under the temperature gradient will be studied. the testing method for dielectric material charging/discharging under intense electromagnetic radiation environment will also be studied in the project., through the discharging characteristic experiment of dielectric material under intense electromagnetic radiation environment, the action mechanism of the intense electromagnetic radiation to the discharging process will be studied, and the action rule of electromagnetic radiation on dielectric discharging will be determined. These researched results will provide a technical support for the spacecraft charging/discharging protection design.

航天器在轨运行期间，受外部空间环境的影响将产生充放电效应，充放电效应将严重影响航天器在轨安全运行及使用寿命。本项目主要针对外部光照和辐射环境引发的温度梯度及强电磁辐射对航天器介质材料充放电效应的影响，研究温度梯度对航天器介质材料充电的作用机理；获得典型介质材料的介质电导率和介电常数与温度梯度的依赖关系；研究温度梯度分布条件下介质材料的充放电效应试验方法和试验技术；通过地面试验手段和仿真分析，研究温度梯度作用下介质充放电作用规律；研究强电磁辐射环境下介质材料充放电试验方法；通过开展强电磁辐射环境下介质材料放电特征试验，研究强电磁辐射对放电过程的作用机理，确定电磁场对介质放电的作用规律。上述研究成果将为航天器充放电防护设计提供技术支撑。

该项目针对外部光照和辐射环境引发的温度梯度及强电磁辐射对航天器介质材料充放电效应的影响，开展了环境温度对航天器介质深层充电影响的数值模拟研究，提出并试验验证了航天器内带电典型介质本征电导率新公式，得到了温度梯度对航天器介质材料的充电作用机理；研究了温度梯度分布条件下介质材料的充放电效应试验方法，构建了不同温度作用下介质材料带电模拟实验装置；研究了环境温度对航天器介质材料带电特性的影响，获得了典型介质材料的电导率和介电常数与温度梯度的依赖关系；通过地面试验和仿真分析，获得了不同温度下航天器内电路板内带电规律、航天器绝缘材料沿面闪络实验规律；研究了强电磁辐射环境下介质材料充放电试验方法，设计并研制了低气压条件下电磁辐射环境介质材料静电放电模拟实验装置和真空条件下强电磁场诱发静电放电实验系统，获得了静电放电辐射场、超宽带（UWB）辐射场和高功率微波辐射场诱发静电放电规律。利用该项目研究成果，已申报2019年军队科技进步三等奖1项（已通过终审）；取得“十三五”装备预研项目1项（6140209020101）；相关研究成果获实用新型专利1项；发表学术论文15篇，被SCI和EI收录8篇；培养出站博士后1名、博士研究生1名、硕士研究生3名。该项目的研究成果为我国航天器充放电防护设计提供了技术支撑。