限制水域船舶水压场的色散性、非线性及时变效应研究

With the development of rivers, lakes and the development of high speed ships around the world. Ships often sail in restricted waterways, the changes in hydrodynamic pressure caused by ship and shore, seabed influence each other, which maybe lead destruction. Meanwhile, the ship hydrodynamic pressure field characteristics of restricted waterways are obvious, which can be used as key factor in discovering and identifying ship. However,because of the complex of related research, the studies about the ship hydrodynamic pressure field of restricted waterways around the world are so little, especially, the research on that of transcritical speed is still blank. The project is carried out on the existing basis, based on the Boussinesq and KP wave theories, and through the research on dispersive, nonlinear and time-varying effects of pressure field caused by ship moving in restricted waterways, the mathematical models are established, the analytical and numerical calculations of that in restricted waterways such as rectangular canal, dredged channel or stepped canal are carried out, the calculated method of more restricted waterways will be explored. The characteristics of ship hydrodynamic pressure field under different depth, speed, and waterways boundary are investigated, the effects among shore, seabed, and ship hydrodynamic pressure field are investigated, for the theoretical basis of the hull shape design , ship speed control, shore protection, hydrodynamic pressure mine fuze design, ship safety travel and hydrodynamic pressure anti-mine design.

随着世界各国江河湖海的开发以及高速船舶的发展，船舶常高速航行于限制水域，其引起的水压场与岸壁、水底等相互作用，造成一定破坏现象，同时限制水域船舶水压场特性明显，常被作为发现和识别船舶目标的重要依据，由于相关研究复杂，目前国内外对限制水域船舶水压场的研究甚少，尤其针对跨临界航速的船舶水压场研究还处于空白阶段。本课题在此背景下提出，以Boussinesq和KP波动理论为研究基础，通过对限制水域船舶水压场的色散性、非线性及时变效应进行研究，建立理论计算模型，对矩形航道、开挖航道和阶梯航道三种限制水域的船舶水压场进行解析求解和数值计算，探索更复杂水域船舶水压场的计算方法，获取不同水深、航速、水域边界下船舶水压场特性，探讨其与岸壁、水底等相互影响，有关成果将为船型设计和优化、船舶航行速度控制、护岸问题研究等提供科学依据，同时为新型水雷水压引信设计、水压扫雷具研制以及船舶安全航行提供重要的技术支持。

随着世界各国江河湖海的开发以及高速船舶的发展，船舶常高速航行于限制水域，其引起的水压场与岸壁、水底等相互作用，造成一定破坏现象，同时限制水域船舶水压场特性明显，常被作为发现和识别船舶目标的重要依据。本研究基于浅水波动方程、势流理论及薄船假定，通过对限制水域船舶水压场的色散性、非线性及时变效应进行逐步研究，建立了矩形航道、开挖航道及阶梯航道等多种限制水域船舶水压场理论计算模型，发展了多种限制水域下亚、跨、超临界航速以及亚-亚临界、亚-超临界、超-超临界等多种混合流动的船舶水压场解析计算方法和数值计算方法，并进一步分析了限制水域边界阻塞效应对船舶航行安全以及压力分布的影响，获取并掌握了这些水域下不同水深、航速的船舶水压场分布特征和变化规律, 发现限制水域的阻塞效应越大，对船舶水压场的影响越大，当水域越窄时，船体附近的水压场波动越剧烈，且整个影响区域增大；当船速越接近临界航速时，船舶水压场负压越大，非线性效应、时变效应越突出，甚至出现船首压力陡升且向前传播现象。至此，针对矩形航道、开挖航道和阶梯航道三种限制水域，形成了包含理论计算模型、简化条件下的理论解法、数值计算方法和模型实验测量系统的完整求解体系。同时，该求解体系可以扩展应用到其他更复杂水域，为进一步更多水域环境下全水深、全航速的船舶水压场研究奠定研究基础，为船型设计和优化、船舶航行速度控制、近海结构稳定等提供理论依据。