基于MAPS单粒子瞬态响应的核应急强场辐射探测与噪声抑制并行处理方法研究

The development of nuclear industry needs more complete and advanced nuclear emergency technologies. Because of the complex radiation environment and many unknown factors of major nuclear accidents, remote control robot with camera is normally used in on-site investigation in the early stage of nuclear emergency, and radiation detection is one of the most important mission. It is difficult for the traditional nuclear radiation detectors with a single probe to simultaneously meet the detection requirements of wide range and high upper limit. Meanwhile, the mobile ability of the robot is greatly limited after carrying detectors, radiation noise damaged the details of videos. In this project, we intend to solve the problem of parallel processing of radiation detection and noise suppression for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) in mixed radiation field of nuclear accident. Based on the principle of single event transient (SET) effect, the mechanism of SET and the main correlative factors of radiation response event under mixed strong field radiation of nuclear will be studied. Based on the study result of mechanism of SET, the correlation model of radiation response characterization and the mathematical model of radiation noise suppression will be constructed. The recognition, analysis and processing methods of radiation response signal will be proposed. Finally, a parallel processing method for radiation detection and noise suppression applied to major nuclear accidents will be formed. And then, an electronic system will be designed and tested. The expected results of the project can improve the ability and efficiency of on-site environmental investigation in the early stage of nuclear accident, and it will have important practical significance for controlling the deterioration of nuclear accident and formulating emergency action plan.

核工业的发展需要更加完备的核应急技术保障。重大核事故环境复杂、未知因素多且具有放射性，通常利用携带摄像头的遥控机器人完成核事故初期现场探查任务。传统单一探头探测器难以同时满足宽量程和高上限的要求，装载探测器会限制机器人的行动能力，辐射噪声严重干扰视频画面细节。本项拟解决单片有源像素传感器（MAPS）在核事故混合辐射场中的辐射探测与噪声抑制并行处理问题。项目基于单粒子瞬态辐射效应原理，重点研究核事故混合强场辐射条件下的单粒子瞬态辐射响应机制，以及影响辐射响应事件特征参数的主要关联因素。在此基础上构建辐射响应表征关联模型和辐射噪声抑制数学模型，提出辐射响应信号识别、分析和处理方法，最后形成应用于重大核事故的辐射探测和噪声抑制并行处理方法，并设计电子学系统。项目预期成果能够显著提高核事故初期现场环境调查能力和效率，对控制核事故恶化，制定应急行动计划具有重要现实意义。

核工业的发展需要更加完备的核应急技术保障。重大核事故环境复杂、未知因素多且具有放射性，通常利用携带摄像头的遥控机器人完成核事故初期现场探查任务，核辐射探测是其中一项重要工作。传统单一探头探测器难以同时满足宽量程和高上限的要求，装载探测器会限制机器人的行动能力，辐射噪声严重干扰视频画面细节。本项目研究了MAPS对中子和γ射线的辐射响应机制和规律，对比了响应信号的特征，并探究了关键参数设置对MAPS辐射响应的影响；通过对比MAPS对中子和γ射线辐射响应的差异性，提出了n/γ混合辐射场的低剂量率γ射线剂量率探测方法，以及基于MAPS辐射响应信号分析与动态自适应的超宽量程核辐射探测方法；同时，考虑辐射损伤对MAPS探测监测的影响，研究了MAPS的辐射损伤模式与损伤表征，提出了辐射噪声抑制算法，并开发了在线探测监测系统及专用软件。项目成果显著提高核事故初期现场环境调查能力和效率，对控制核事故恶化，制定应急行动计划具有重要现实意义。可作为核事故应急装备体系中核辐射探测设备的重要补充，弥补缺乏强辐射环境便携式γ射线探测装备的不足，且具有响应速度快、制造成本低、设备稳定性好、数据传输快速稳定、易处理处置等特点，能够极大地减少严重核事故中的核辐射探测成本，减少二次废物的产生。同时，本项研究成果能够与SLAM技术相结合，有利于降低探测设备负载，简化硬件结构，增强探测设备系统的鲁棒性和适用性。