长白山自然保护区北坡典型植被带阔叶树内生真菌多样的研究

The forest ecosystem has been kept intact in Changbai Mountain with good integrated spatial structure of plant community. It is an expected research site for biodiversity. The current project is designed to apply the traditional taxonomic method associated with molecular biological tool to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi from the broad-leaf trees in three characteristic vegetation zones in the north slope of Changbai Mountain. The research is intended to use the tower crane to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the endophytic fungi from broad-leaf trees in the community of Korean pine and broad-leaf vegetation. It is planned to investigate the relationship between the relationship between altitude and endophytic fungi of Betula ermanii in birch vegetation zone, and to compare the difference between the birch endophytic fungi generated from birch and alpine tundra vegetation zones, where birch has been expanded from the birch vegetation zone to alpine tundra zone due to climate warming, so indirectly to investigate the effect of forest types and tree age on diversity of endophytic fungi. It is also scheduled to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi of Rhododendron chrysanthum in alpine tundra zone, and to compare the difference between the endophytic fungi of rhododendron in birch and tundra zones, and indirectly to explore the effect of forest types and altitude on rhododendron endophytic fungi. The completion of the project will fill in the gap of diversity research of broad-leaf tree endophytic fungi in Changbai Mountain. It will not only enrich the fungal resources and biodiversity research achievement in China, but also provide a scientific base for sustainable management of the natural reserve and development of endophytic fungal resources.

长白山森林生态系统保存完整，植物群落的整体空间格局保存完好，是研究生物多样性的理想之地。本项目将采用经典生物分类方法和分子生物学方法对长白山北坡三个典型植被带（阔叶混交林带、岳桦林带、高山苔原带）中的阔叶树内生真菌多样性开展系统性研究工作。本项目拟利用塔吊研究红松阔叶林群落中阔叶树内生真菌的时空分布规律；研究岳桦林带岳桦树内生真菌多样性与海拔高度的关系，同时比较其与因气候变暖而扩展至苔原带的岳桦树内生真菌多样性差异，探讨林型和树龄对岳桦树内生真菌的影响；研究苔原带牛皮杜鹃内生真菌多样性规律，并比较其与岳桦林带中牛皮杜娟内生真菌多样性的差异，探讨林型和海拔对牛皮杜鹃内生真菌多样性的影响。通过本项目研究，填补长白山自然保护区阔叶树内生真菌多样性研究的空白，丰富我国真菌种类资源及其多样性研究成果，为长白山自然保护区可持续管理以及内生真菌资源利用提供科学依据。

长白山森林生态系统保存完整，植物群落的整体空间格局保存完好，是研究生物多样性的理想之地。本项目采用经典生物分类方法和分子生物学方法对长白山北坡三个典型植被带（阔叶混交林带、岳桦林带、高山苔原带）中的阔叶树内生真菌多样性开展了系统研究工作。①以长白山森林生态系统定位站I号标准地为阔叶混交林带定点代表样地，利用塔吊对该植物群落的8种阔叶树进行样品采集；通过对680份样品分离内生真菌，共获得800余株内生真菌菌株，共鉴定出10纲、19目、23科、31属、78种内生真菌；经生物多样性指数分析，发现这8种阔叶树内生真菌的组成存在一定的相似性，春榆和黄菠罗内生真菌的相似性最大；紫椴内生真菌的种类数量最多（17属），而裂叶榆内生真菌种类数量最少（10属）；八月份内生真菌的种类数量明显多于七月和九月；冠层越高内生真菌的种类数量越少。②通过对岳桦林带和苔原带岳桦内生真菌的分离培养，共鉴定出10属13种内生真菌，其优势内生真菌为Phoma、Phomopsis及Fusarium；岳桦林带内岳桦内生真菌多样性差异不显著，但明显较苔原带岳桦内生真菌丰富。③通过对岳桦林带和苔原带的牛皮杜鹃内生真菌的分离培养，共鉴定出3门、7纲、21属真菌，优势类群为Xylaria、Alternaria、Curvularia和Cladosporium；8月份的物种丰富度高于7月和9月；位于海拔2200m以上苔原带的牛皮杜鹃的内生真菌丰富度明显下降；在岳桦林带的牛皮杜鹃内生真菌与位于苔原带下限2000-2100m的牛皮杜鹃内生真菌丰富度差异不显著；牛皮杜鹃根部内生真菌丰富度（21属）明显高于叶片（12属），但叶片内生真菌的分离频率高于根部；对苔原带牛皮杜鹃样品的Illumina Miseq测序分析结果明显不同于形态鉴定结果，主要由Gremmeniella、Neofabraea、Leotiomycetes等类群真菌组成。本项目还增加了对阔叶混交林带的红松及苔原带东亚仙女木和笃斯越桔内生真菌的研究。通过本项目研究，填补了长白山自然保护区阔叶树内生真菌多样性研究的空白，丰富了真菌生物多样性研究理论，为长白山自然保护区可持续保护管理以及内生真菌资源利用提供了科学依据。