各相绕组间低热耦合无电磁耦合的双余度永磁同步电动机

A new type of dual-redundancy permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with low thermal coupling and non-electromagnetic coupling between the windings of each phase is proposed, which is designed on the basis of a double-layer frictional-slot concentrated-winding PMSM with 12 slots and 10 poles. A small tooth was settled in the shared slot of two adjacent windings of two phases and the thermal insulating layer are placed on both sides of the small teeth so that the physical isolation and electric isolation can be realized simultaneously. Further, there is no mutual inductance and electromagnetic coupling between any two windings, thus the magnetic field generated by each phase winding's normal armature current or any fault current will not affect those of other phase windings. There are six phase windings spaced 120 electrical degrees apart about the stator, which can form two independent three phase symmetrical windings controlled by two sets of decoupled controllers respectively. Hence, the safety and reliability of the system is improved significantly, so that the novel motor can be used in aerospace and nation defense. Through theoretical analysis, finite element analysis of temperature and electromagnetic field, simulation and prototype experiment, the topology structures of the stator and the rotor are optimized, and the electromagnetic and thermal relations between the two independent three phase stator windings can be obtained. Thus, new analysis calculation method, novel design optimization algorithm and control strategy for the motor can be achieved, and consequently the theory and key technical support for the practical application of this novel type motor will be provided.

提出一种各相绕组间低热耦合无电磁耦合的双余度永磁同步电动机。该电机在定子槽数/转子极数为 12/10的双层分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电动机基础上演变而来。通过在原来电机相邻2相绕组共槽的槽中心处设置1个小齿，再在小齿两侧放置隔热板，不仅将各相绕组从物理上和电气角度上隔离开，而且使得各相绕组之间互感为零、无电磁耦合，每相绕组正常电枢电流和任何故障电流产生的磁场都不会对其它各相绕组产生电磁感应。定子空间上共有6相绕组，相邻2相绕组之间相位互差120度电角度，可以构成2套相互独立的三相对称绕组，两套控制器完全解耦互不干扰，其安全可靠性显著提高，可应用于航空航天和国防领域。通过深入的理论分析、电磁场和温度场有限元分析、仿真以及样机实验验证，优化定转子拓扑结构，理清两套定子绕组间电磁和热关系，分析其运行机理，得到该新型电动机的分析计算、优化设计方法，确定其控制策略，为其实际应用提供理论和关键技术支撑。

各相绕组间低热耦合无电磁耦合的双余度永磁同步电动机是由定子采用双层分数槽集中绕组、定子槽数/转子极数为12/10的电机演变而来。在原定子上相邻2相绕组共槽的槽中心处设置1个小齿，再在每个小齿两侧放置隔热板以减弱各相绕组间的热耦合，不仅将各相绕组从物理上和电气角度上隔离开，关键是消除了相绕组间的槽漏互感，使得各相绕组间互感为0、无电磁耦合，每相绕组正常电流和短路故障电流产生的电枢反应磁场都不会与其余各相绕组产生电磁感应。定子上有6相绕组，相邻2相绕组间相位互差120°电角度，构成2套相互独立的Y接三相对称绕组，由2套逆变器分别供电，2套逆变器的控制完全解耦。正常时，两套绕组同时工作双余度运行，当其中一套绕组中出现短路故障时切断其供电，正常绕组单独工作单余度运行，驱动系统的冗余度和可靠性显著提高，可应用于航空航天、舰船等国防领域。. 通过理论分析、仿真分析、样机制作和实验验证，对其拓扑结构、参数计算、发热与传热机理、设计方法和控制策略等进行了深入研究。优化了定转子结构，减少了永磁感应电动势谐波含量，降低了永磁转子齿槽转矩；分析了三相绕组的连接方式与电机电磁振动之间的关系；结合电磁场、流体场和温度场等物理场耦合分析研究了电机散热问题；研究了双余度电机线圈匝间短路故障在线诊断方法和故障后控制方法。. 得到了双余度电机优化设计方法。归纳了电机永磁感应电动势小与齿宽窄间关系曲线。弄清了两套三相绕组在定子空间交叉布置既便于单余度运行时电机散热，还能降低电机振动噪声的机理。提出了根据电机运行状态以及多个采样周期内故障套绕组与正常套绕组的实时直轴电压之差的平均值在线检测线圈匝间短路故障的方法。提出了出现线圈匝间短路故障时将比例谐振控制器与具有比例积分特性的速度调节器并联从而抑制短路电磁转矩脉动的控制方法。. 仅改变定子冲片形状即转换为双余度永磁同步电机，几乎未提高电机的制造成本，研究工作具有重要理论意义和实用价值。