夏热冬冷地区整体建筑热湿耦合传递一体化研究

The buildings are subject to the hot-humid climate with high temperature and humidity in hot summer and cold winter zone of China. The heat and mass transfer in building system affects the indoor environment, building energy consumption and the durability of building envelopes severely. In this study, a whole building heat and moisture transfer model which integrates the coupled heat and moisture transfer model for porous building envelopes and indoor hygrothermal model is developed to predict the distribution of temperature and humidity in building system accurately. The conjugation effect is considered at the interface between the indoor air and building envelopes. The governing equations are discrete by the finite volume method and a solution tool is developed based on Simulink which provides an interactive graphical programming environment. An effective experimental method and test technology are designed to validate the model proposed. The effect of heat and moisture transfer in building system on the indoor environment, building energy consumption and the durability of building envelopes is investigated by using the presented model. This study can provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for creating comfortable and healthy indoor environment, optimizing the thermal performance of building and improving the building energy efficiency and durability of building envelopes.

我国夏热冬冷地区建筑长期暴露在高温高湿的热湿气候条件下，建筑系统内热湿传递过程严重影响室内环境、建筑能耗及围护结构的耐久性。为了准确地预测建筑系统内的温湿度分布，本项目考虑室内空气与围护结构在交界面处的共轭作用，将多孔介质建筑围护结构热湿耦合传递模型与室内热湿模型进行动态耦合，建立整体建筑热湿耦合传递一体化模型；采用有限容积法对控制方程进行离散，并在Simulink提供的交互式图形化仿真环境下开发模型求解工具；设计实验方法和测试技术验证整体建筑热湿耦合传递一体化模型的正确性；基于验证的模型，分析夏热冬冷地区建筑系统内热湿耦合传递对室内环境、建筑能耗及围护结构耐久性的影响，为营造舒适、健康的室内环境，优化建筑热工性能，提高建筑能效及围护结构耐久性提供理论依据和技术指导。

夏热冬冷地区属于亚热带湿热气候，气温高、湿度高、雨量大，建筑常年遭受湿侵扰。湿传递不仅影响建筑围护结构内及室内环境中的湿度，同时湿传递过程本身伴随着能量的传递与变化，湿传递与热传递是一个耦合作用过程。目前常用的纯传热模型并不能客观真实的反应这一耦合作用过程。为了准确地预测室内热湿环境、建筑能耗及围护结构内的热湿分布，本项目围绕夏热冬冷地区建筑系统内的热湿耦合传递开展了深入的研究。根据夏热冬冷地区的气候特点，确定该地区多孔介质材料内传热传质过程的主要机理，构建围护结构热湿耦合传递模型并将其与室内热湿模型进行动态耦合，建立了整体建筑热湿耦合传递一体化机理模型；采用有限容积法对控制方程进行离散，将偏微分方程求解转化为代数方程组求解问题，然后用Simulink求解代数方程组，获得了整体建筑热湿耦合传递一体化机理模型的数值解；在夏热冬冷地区典型城市南昌，搭建了全尺寸热湿耦合传递实验房，测试了实验墙体内及室内外环境的温湿度，并通过数值模拟结果与实测温湿度进行对比分析，验证了整体建筑热湿耦合传递一体化机理模型；基于验证的模型，分析夏热冬冷地区建筑系统内热湿耦合传递对室内环境、建筑能耗及围护结构耐久性的影响，并提出了夏热冬冷地区围护结构组合优化设计方法。