表面活性剂对液滴在水稻叶面润湿粘附的影响机制与调控

Given the situation that agricultural ecological environment has been severe threaten by using a large amount of pesticide at low efficiency during the rice planting process, a system of research around the key scientific issue, which is the droplet’s wetting and adhesion on the surface of rice leaves, seems to be urgent and significant. The research aims at improving the utilization of pesticides and reducing the amount of chemical pesticides in use. In this study, the effect and mechanisms on wetting and adhesion influenced by several factors such as surface free energy and roughness will be explored. Moreover, the impact on wetting and adhesion due to the molecular structure, solution composition, solutes interaction and dilational rheological properties of surfactants and their mixture system will be elucidated. In addition, the influencing factors and mechanisms of dynamic wetting and adhesion of pesticide droplets on the rice leaves will be discussed. By using excellent interfacial properties of surfactants and dilational rheological properties of the solution, it is successful to achieve the effective regulation on wetting and adhesion of the droplet of amphiphilic molecules multiple pesticide carrier system on the rice leaves. Therefore, developing theories and technologies to improve pesticide utilization will provide support for the efficient usage of chemical pesticides and security of agricultural ecological environment.

针对水稻种植过程中农药用药量大、农药利用率低等严重威胁农业生态环境安全现状的问题，本研究以提高农药利用率、减少化学农药投入使用量为研究目标，围绕液滴在水稻叶面润湿粘附的关键科学问题进行系统研究。研究光滑表面、粗糙表面及水稻叶面的表面自由能、粗糙度对润湿粘附的影响规律和作用机制；探索表面活性剂及其混合体系的分子结构、溶液组成、混合体系体相中的相互作用及扩张流变性质对固-液等界面性质的影响；阐明以上影响因素对液滴在水稻叶面上的动态润湿粘附行为的影响机制。利用表面活性剂优良的界面性质、自组装能力及溶液的扩张流变性质实现对两亲分子多元混合载药体系的液滴在水稻叶面润湿粘附的有效调控。本研究旨在发展提高农药利用率的理论和技术，为化学农药的高效利用及农业生态环境的安全保障提供支持。

由于水稻叶面表观表面自由能较低且具有特殊的微纳界面特性，药液在其表面难以润湿，从而造成大量流失，严重影响农业生态环境安全。针对这一问题，本研究以提高药液润湿粘附能力，为“化学农药减施增效”提供理论基础为目标，围绕液滴在水稻叶面润湿粘附的关键科学问题进行系统研究。主要通过Trtion X-100、SDS、DTAB、离子液体等表面活性剂及其混合体系的分子结构、溶液组成，结合水稻叶片、光滑固体表面的表观表面自由能、粗糙度等因素对润湿粘附过程的影响规律进行了深入研究，探究阐明以上因素对于对液滴在水稻叶面上的动态、静态润湿粘附行为的影响机制，并发表了3篇SCI论文。基于这些研究成果，制备了1种两亲分子多元混合载药体系并成功进行成果转化、3种增强药液润湿粘附的助剂并获国家发明专利，实现对农药药液的润湿粘附的调控，达到提高农药利用率，保障生态环境与农产品安全的效果。