政企联合式救灾应急资源优化配置与协同机制研究

For a long time, disaster emergency response operation mainly or totally relies on government, enterprises can hardly bring their superiorities into full play. In recent years, many countries including the USA pay attention to the role of enterprise and begin to consider the issue of cooperation between government and enterprise. As a research field in a fledging period, however, existing research results are rare. Applicant have been carrying out research on this topic for some time and the proposed project is based on some achieved results. This project consists of three parts. The first part is a research on building the standardized model of dynamic relief demand based on behavioral characteristics. This subproject aims to improve the accuracy and conformity of relief demand's mathematical description. The second part is a research on building the network framework of disaster relief supply with service triad theory. This subproject aims to design an effective relief resource allocation strategy while taking both government and enterprise into account. The last part is a research on cooperation mechanism between government and enterprise. This subproject aims to achieve the Pareto improvement between different object-oriented organizations.In theoretical aspect, this project may provide a way to transfer the research from binary-based supply chain to triad-based supply network, and lay some theoretical basis for the practice of pareto improvement concept between different object-oriented organizations. In practice aspect, this project can benefit the theoretic and methodological system of the optimal allocation on disaster emergency response resource, and promote the development of emergency management and decision science.

长期以来救灾应急行动主要甚至全部依靠政府，企业的优势未能充分发挥。近年来,国际上特别是美国，开始关注企业在救灾应急中的作用，考虑政企合作协同问题。该领域研究正处于起步阶段，已有成果少。申请人已对该问题进行了探索，取得一些成果，并依此申报该项目。本项目拟建立基于行为特征的标准化救灾应急需求动态模型，以期提高救灾应急需求模式描述的准确度和贴合度；构建（企业-政府-受灾群众）三元体式救灾应急资源配置体系网络架构，以期设计有效的政企联合式资源优化配置策略；研究政府与企业间的协同机制，以期实现政府与企业的异质性组织间协同帕累托改进。通过研究异质性组织之间的协同帕累托改进和三元体式资源供应网络架构等理论问题，为传统二元式供应链研究向三元体式供应网络研究的拓展提供思路，为帕累托改进问题在异质性组织间运用的理论研究奠定基础。有助于建立救灾应急资源优化配置的理论与方法体系，促进应急管理与决策科学的发展。

灾害应急管理作为运作管理的一个独立分支，近年来受到国际学者的关注和重视，有大量高水品的研究成果出现在运作管理领域的国际期刊中。运作管理领域的顶级期刊不但专门针对灾害运作管理组织了特刊，更专门成立了灾害管理研究部门部，这标志着灾害应急管理成为了被运作管理学界所接收的最新研究领域。本项的主要研究内容之一为灾害应急供应链的契约协调。针对该部分内容，本项目研究了批发契约、回购契约和期权契约对于灾害应急供应链的供需双方的影响和所带来的收益。发现期权契约优于批发和回购契约，可以协调应急供应链从而实现帕累托改进。本项目的另一主要研究内容是救灾应急中的资源优化配置研究。研究发现不同类型的资源需要采用不同的策略进行优化配置，具体而言，非易腐资源可以使用事先内包策略实现优化，易腐资源则应采用事先外包策略加以优化。项目组还针对我国的灾害应急管理的实践开展了多次实地调研。访问过安徽省民政厅救灾处、海南省民政厅救灾处、（合肥）中央救灾物资储备中心、海南省救灾物资储备中心、云南省德宏州盈江县民政局等单位。项目负责人还多次组织调研小组，前往受灾地区从事实地调研。已实施过的调研项目包括了盈江6.0级地震（2014），文昌“威马逊”超强台风（2014）。调研小组在当地政府和民政、教育等部门的协助下，进行了问卷调查、实地访谈、统计数据收集等工作，掌握了一批详实的一手数据。本项研究是运作管理在灾害应急管理领域的拓展和应用，紧贴新兴研究领域和热点，取得了较好的研究成果。