纳米坡缕石/Ag3PO4复合材料的制备及对海水中油污染的双重修复作用

After marine oil spill accident, the effective emulsification and dispersion for crude oil are able to keep spilled oil from being ashore and accelerate the natural oil degradation. Conventional oil spill dispersant is composed of chemical surfactants and organic solvent. The toxicity and specialized function of chemical surfactants restrict its wide application in marine oil spill remediation. In view of the structural characteristics of natural palygorskite nano-clay, novel nano-clay/Ag3PO4 composite would be fabricated and applied in oil emulsification and photodegradation in seawater simultaneously. The smooth implementation of this project would help us realize the double effect in remediating the marine oil spill: emulsification and photodegradation. Through modifying the wettability of nano-clay and photoactivity of Ag3PO4, novel nano-clay/Ag3PO4 composite with excellent oil remediation ability would be obtained. The adsorption mechanism of nano-clay/Ag3PO4 composite at the oil/seawater interface and stabilization mechanism for oil-in-seawater Pickering emulsion would be illustrated detailedly. Moreover, the photodegradation mechanism of nano-clay/Ag3PO4 composite for oil in seawater would be analyzed. This study is expected to obtain a new method of developping oil dispersant in marine oil spill field and provide and important theoretical basis and technology orientation for the development of effeciently and friendly marine oil spill remediation agent.

海洋溢油发生后，利用分散剂对油污进行乳化分散可以避免油污上岸，并由于显著增大了油水接触面积而加速油污自然降解。传统油污分散剂主要由化学表面活性剂组成，但其毒性和功能单一性成为制约海水中油污染修复发展的关键问题。 基于此，本项目拟根据天然纳米管状坡缕石黏土的结构特点，通过在其表面负载新型光催化材料Ag3PO4，使其兼具固体乳化剂和光催化剂的双重优点，一步达到乳化与光催化降解油污的双重效应。本研究拟从纳米黏土/ Ag3PO4复合材料的两亲性修饰和光催化性能优化两方面入手，设计合成具有光催化活性的两亲性天然纳米黏土新型材料，探讨复合材料在油/海水界面的吸附规律和Pickering乳液形成机制，揭示基于Pickering乳液的油污光催化降解作用机理。这一研究将改变海洋溢油领域传统分散剂的概念，为开发环境友好的、新型、高效油污修复剂提供理论依据和技术导向。

海洋溢油发生后，利用分散剂对油污进行乳化分散可以避免油污上岸，并由于显著增大了油水接触面积而加速油污自然降解。传统油污分散剂主要由化学表面活性剂组成，但其毒性和功能单一性成为制约海水中油污染修复发展的关键。本研究基于坡缕石黏土/Ag3PO4复合材料的可控制备，设计了集乳化和光催化降解修复作用为一体的低毒、多功能高效海洋溢油修复材料。该材料兼具固体颗粒乳化剂和光催化剂的双重优点。基于该新型材料，实现了对海水中油污的高效、低毒乳化，乳化后油滴粒径均在100 微米以下，且乳化油滴可在一个月内稳定存在。与单一的乳化剂相比，该复合材料可强化分散后细小油滴的光催化降解，同时起到乳化分散和光催化强化降解的双重作用，实现了对海水中油污染的一体化高效修复；与单一的光催化材料相比，PAL黏土颗粒独特的乳化分散性可以显著提高光催化剂对油污的催化降解速率。本研究克服了传统海上油污染修复材料修复作用单一的缺陷，促进了油污的深度净化，显著提高了海面油污染的修复效率，为海洋环境中油污染的多功能修复提供了重要的理论指导和技术储备。相关研究为设计与开发集多种修复性能为一体的高效海洋溢油修复材料指明了方向。. 以上这些研究成果充分说明了一体化高效修复海洋溢油污染的可行性和前景。这无疑将改变海洋溢油领域传统溢油分散剂的概念，为开发环境友好型、集分散与强化降解功能为一体的新型海洋溢油修复剂提供一个崭新的方向，大大推动海洋溢油修复领域的发展。相关研究成果对工业含油废水处理，近海石油污染事故的应急处置和保护海洋生态环境具有重大意义。研发具有自主知识产权的多功能、高性能水中油污染修复材料对提高国内相关企业的市场竞争力亦具有重大价值。