天然高分子复合聚电解质纤维的设计、性能和应用

The natural polyelectrolyte polymer composite materials with unique features to promote cell adhesion, proliferation and growth have broad application prospects in the area of wound dressing and haemostatic dressing. The present work was focused on the preparation and characterization of polyelectrolytecomplexe(PEC) nanofibers based on natural oppositely charged polymers via freeze-drying method, and the fibers were photo-crosslinked to improve the mechanical strength. The influence of the composite polyelectrolyte solution properties, freezing temperature, freezing procedures on the control of fiber morphology and structure was investigated. The photo cross-linking kinetics under the condition of restricted photopolymerization was investigated in terms of reinforced nanofibers. The branched structure, the length and flexibility of chitosan derivatives could affect the photo cross-linking rate and the double bond conversion. The problems during the fabrication of fibers via freeze-drying method could be solved through the use of the induced molecular orientation directional ice crystal growth method. Microemulsion induced by chitosan derivatives could be assembled to form polymeric micro-cluster. When the molecular motion is restricted, the use of a relatively high degree of freedom of movement could achieve photo cross-linking reaction, which could become the foundation of using photopolymerization technology in the area of reinforced natural polymer composite polyelectrolyte fiber.

天然高分子复合聚电解质材料在促进细胞的贴附、增殖生长等方面具有独特功能，因而在伤口止血材料领域具有广阔应用前景。本项目采用冷冻干燥法制备纳米天然高分子复合聚电解质纤维连续材料，采用光聚合交联增强提高冷冻干燥法制备纤维的力学强度。本项目重点研究复合聚电解质溶液性质、冷冻温度、冷冻程序等影响因素对纤维形态及结构的控制和影响；在光聚合交联增强纤维方面，考察分子运动受限条件下，光聚合交联动力学过程；分析壳聚糖衍生物支链结构、长度以及柔性等因素对交联速率及双键转化率的影响；通过采用诱导分子取向结合定向冰晶生长法，解决冷冻干燥法制备纤维过程的成纤性问题；采用微乳液法诱导壳聚糖衍生物组装形成可聚合微簇，在分子运动受限条件下，利用支链末端相对高运动自由度实现光交联反应。实现分子运动受限条件下的光聚合交联，为光聚合技术在天然高分子复合聚电解质纤维增强提供实践基础。

天然高分子复合聚电解质纳米复合材料在促进细胞的贴附、增殖生长和生物降解性等方面具有独特功能，因而在伤口止血材料领域具有广阔应用前景。本项目采用冷冻干燥法制备纳米天然高分子（壳聚糖、海藻酸钠和透明质酸等）复合聚电解质复合纤维材料，在冷冻干燥过程中采用光聚合技术交联增强提高冷冻干燥法制备纤维的力学强度。重点研究了复合聚电解质溶液性质、冷冻温度、冷冻程序及聚合电解质种类等影响因素对纤维形态及结构性能的控制和影响；在光聚合交联增强纤维方面，考察分子运动受限条件下，光聚合交联动力学过程，实现了光聚合在冷冻干燥过程的聚合交联成型；还分析和研究了壳聚糖衍生物支链结构、长度以及柔性等因素对交联速率及双键转化率的影响；通过采用诱导分子取向结合定向冰晶生长法，解决冷冻干燥法制备纤维过程的成纤性问题；采用微乳液法诱导壳聚糖衍生物组装形成可聚合微簇，在分子运动受限条件下，利用支链末端相对高运动自由度实现光交联反应。实现分子运动受限条件下的光聚合交联，为光聚合技术在天然高分子复合聚电解质纤维增强提供实践基础。通过本项目的实施，找出冷冻干燥条件和纤维形态和结构的关系，提出冷冻干燥纤维成型模型的机理；实现在光聚合技术在天然高分子纤维成型中的交联；并分析天然高分子光聚合动力学影响因素和原因，比较其与小分子光聚合动力学的不同，并分析其机理。在此基础上，制备的天然高分子复合纤维材料具有良好的细胞生物相容性、可降解性和止血性能，有望用于伤口的止血材料。