焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化对地下水盐动态的响应研究

Soil salinization is one of the major eco-environmental problems in arid and semi-arid land in the world. Considering the real needs of ecological security of oasis in arid land, aimed at oasis soil salinization under coupling effects of natural factors and human activities, taking shallow groundwater system of salinized area in Yanqi Basin, southern slope of Tianshan Mountains, as research objects, using statistical analysis, Gaussian Model,Nueral Network and MODFLOW、HYDRUS-3D system, the dynamics of soil salinization and groundwater depth, salinity in the study area will be analyzed, the realations between soil salinization and groundwater depth and salinity will be studied, and the reasonable groundwater depth for controlling oasis soil salinization will be quantitatively confirmed. Integrated with simulation of groundwater and salt transport,the forecast, early warning of soil salinization will be realized. Results of this project will provide technical supports for scientific and modernizing of management of groundwater resources in the study area, and significant for sustainable use of soil, water resources of oasis,at the same time, will provide theoretical basis and research directions for eco-hydrological process research in arid land.

土壤盐渍化是世界干旱、半干旱区最突出的生态环境问题之一。面向干旱区绿洲生态安全的现实需求，针对自然因素和人类活动综合作用下的绿洲土壤盐渍化问题，以天山南麓焉耆盆地盐渍化区域浅层地下水系统为研究对象，基于生态水文学与土壤地理学相关理论，采用统计分析、高斯模型、神经网络等方法与MODFLOW、HYDRUS-3D系统，分析研究区土壤盐渍化与地下水盐动态变化规律，建立土壤盐渍化与地下水埋深、盐分之间的关系模型，并定量确定控制绿洲土壤盐渍化的合理地下水埋深。结合研究区地下水盐动态模拟，实现绿洲土壤盐渍化预测、预警。项目研究成果对于研究区地下水资源管理的科学化和现代化提供技术支撑，对绿洲水土资源可持续开发利用具有重要意义，同时也为干旱区生态水文过程研究提供理论基础和研究方向。

针对焉耆盆地自然条件与人类活动综合作用下的土壤盐渍化问题，研究了焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化特征及对地下水盐动态变化的响应，基于高斯模型建立了土壤盐渍化与地下水环境变化之间的关系模型，确定了控制土壤盐渍化的地下水控制性关键水位，开发了防止土壤盐渍化的《水资源联合利用系统》。研究成果能为研究区地下水资源管理的科学化和现代化提供技术支撑，对干旱区内陆盆地盐渍化区域地下水盐动态调控与绿洲水土资源可持续开发利用提供理论依据。在本项目执行期间，已发表学术论文33篇，已出版专著2部，已开发软件1套；参加了相关国际、国内学术会议3次；培养了硕士研究生3名。