瞬变目标实时探测定位与识别的超宽波段光谱成像技术研究

Traditional spectral imaging techniques employ scanning techniques to obtain two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension information, and they are suitable for detecting the targets which are static or nearly static in spatial location and spectral signature. The transient targets rapidly evolve in time and strongly radiate a broadband spectrum from the visible through the mid-wave infrared ranges. Thus, traditional spectral imaging techniques can’t detect, locate and identify these transient targets in real time. This project presents a novel staring ultra-broadband real-time imaging spectrometry using a unique optical measurement principle and target location computational method. This novel technology has a very broad spectral range of 0.6 µm to 5.0 µm, a high temporal resolution, and the sub-pixel location accuracy. It can locate multiple targets using only one frame of data. Moreover, it is compact and has no moving parts. Therefore, it is very suitable for detecting, locating and identifying the transient targets (e.g., the flash from an explosion and combustion, the missile plume or the plume of a rocket) in real time. It can greatly enhance the ability to perceive the spatial information and targets in real time. It is very applicable to remote sensing platforms (e.g., Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Satellite) where size, weight, and power are very precious.

传统的光谱成像技术是利用扫描技术获取二维空间信息和一维光谱信息，适用于探测光谱特征与空间位置不变或缓慢变化的目标，却无法对光谱特征与空间位置快速变化的宽谱段瞬变目标进行实时探测、定位与识别。本课题提出了一种独特的光学测量原理与目标位置计算方法，并采用凝视模式构成超宽谱段实时成像光谱技术，可实现0.6µm-5.0µm（可见光至中红外）的超宽波段光谱同时成像、一帧数据即可同时确定多个目标的位置，具有高时间分辨率、亚像素空间定位精度，无运动部件、结构紧凑等优点。该技术有效解决了爆炸、快速燃烧、导弹尾焰之类宽谱段瞬变目标的实时探测、定位与识别问题，可大大提高空间目标与信息的实时感知能力。特别适用于对体积、重量及功率要求严格的无人机、卫星等遥感平台。

传统的成像光谱技术利用扫描技术获取二维空间信息和一维光谱信息，适用于探测光谱特征与空间位置不变或缓慢变化的目标，却无法对光谱特征或空间位置快速变化的宽谱段瞬变目标进行实时探测、定位与识别。本项目提出并研究了一种采用独特的光学测量原理与目标位置计算方法的超宽谱段快照成像光谱技术：拓宽成像谱段宽度为0.5µm-5.0µm（即可见光、近红外及中红外光谱同时成像）；实现了只需一帧测量数据即可同时探测定位多个目标，缩短了目标探测与定位时间，提高了时间分辨率；提高了目标定位精度，达到了亚像素定位精度；实现了目标识别与分类；无运动部件、结构紧凑、体积小。该技术有效解决了爆炸、快速燃烧、导弹尾焰之类宽谱段瞬变目标的实时探测、定位与识别问题，可大大提高空间目标与信息的实时感知能力。特别适用于对体积、重量及功率要求严格的无人机、无人飞艇、卫星等遥感平台。