荷正电微孔陶瓷的制备、表征及其病毒分离性能研究

Through the electrostatic adsorption principle of the positive and negative charges, the virus separation process of charged material is simple and effective, so the charged material as a new type of virus separation and removal materials has good application value. Based on the characteristic of nano-magnesia with strong electropositive and polymer derived ceramics route which is apt to design the composition and pore structure of porous ceramic, this project will prepare positively charged microporous ceramic with high porosity, high specific surface area and three-dimensional open cells network structure, revealing the influence of crosslinking agent content, surface modification process, pyrolysis atmosphere and heating program on the porous structure, chemical composition and surface electrical properties of the positively charged microporous ceramic. Through analysis of the interaction between the porous ceramic substrate and charged agent components, the relationship of porous ceramic matrix and surface electrical properties will be researched, and the source of surface electrical performance of porous ceramic and its variation will be clarified. Then the effect of virus adsorption and separation of positively charged microporous ceramic will be studied, revealing the mechanism of virus separation and achieving efficient separation of the virus. This study will provide a new functional composite ceramic material for separation, identification and removal of virus, and also provide technical support for the separation, concentration, extraction and detection of the virus in the water, air and biological agents.

荷电材料作为一种新型的病毒分离及去除材料，通过正负电荷间的吸引作用分离病毒具有工艺简单、使用安全、吸附分离效果好等特点，因而具有良好应用价值。本项目是基于纳米氧化镁等金属氧化物表面带较强正电性的特性，利用先驱体转化技术易于对微孔陶瓷的组成和孔结构进行设计的优点，开展具有高孔隙率、高比表面积和三维贯通孔型结构的荷正电微孔陶瓷的制备研究，揭示交联剂含量、表面改性工艺、热解气氛、升温制度等对荷正电微孔陶瓷的微孔结构、化学组成、表面电性能的影响规律，分析微孔陶瓷基体与荷电剂组分之间的相互作用，研究微孔陶瓷基体的性质与表面电性能的关系，阐明荷正电微孔陶瓷表面电性能来源及其变化规律；并进一步研究其在病毒吸附分离方面的效果，揭示病毒分离作用机制，实现对病毒的高效分离。本研究将为病毒的分离、鉴别及去除提供一种新型功能复合陶瓷材料，并为水、空气、生物制剂中病毒的分离、浓缩、提取及检测等研究提供技术支撑。

近年来，水环境污染加剧，而在水体中发现的多种致病病毒已成为人类生存面临的最大潜在威胁之一。本项目完成了荷正电微孔陶瓷的制备与组成结构表征，获得了荷正电微孔陶瓷的制备工艺与组成结构之间的影响关系，并进行了制备工艺参数优化，得到了性能稳定的具有高表面正电性的微孔陶瓷。通过Zeta电位分析表征了荷正电微孔陶瓷的电性能，系统研究了荷正电微孔陶瓷对水中细菌内毒素和大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2的吸附分离性能，并对病毒的分离机理进行了初步探究。该项目采用先驱体转化法制备荷电微孔陶瓷具有成本低、工艺简单等优点，所得微孔陶瓷的表面电性能稳定，等电点为8.2。此外，微孔陶瓷表面纳米Y2O3涂层分布均匀，其颗粒直径约为10nm，并且基体与纳米Y2O3涂层之间以Y-O和Y-Si化学键结合，界面结合力强、涂层不易脱落。最后以细菌内毒素和大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2为模拟病毒，考察了荷正电微孔陶瓷对病毒的分离去除性能，其对细菌内毒素和大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2均具有很好的去除效果，在实验条件下，去除率分别达到99.60%和99.99%，这为水中病毒的分离、去除提供了一种新的方法。同时，通过该项目研究表明荷正电微孔陶瓷除具有普通微孔陶瓷的机械筛分截留作用，还能通过正负电荷的相互吸引作用吸附分离病毒，为病毒的分离、浓缩及检测等研究提供了一种新型分离材料，具有广阔的应用前景。